{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T19:11:41Z","timestamp":1785438701117,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Estonian Research Council","award":["PRG1441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRG1441"]}]},{"name":"Estonian Research Council","award":["773830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["773830"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme","award":["PRG1441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRG1441"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme","award":["773830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["773830"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Poultry meat is considered the most important source of Campylobacter spp. Because of rising antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp., this study investigated the antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates from fresh broiler chicken meat originating from the Baltic countries sold in Estonian retail settings. Additionally, human clinical isolates obtained from patients with Campylobacter enteritis in Estonia were analysed. The aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin and gentamicin. The broth microdilution method with the EUCAMP2 panel was used for MIC determination and antimicrobial mechanisms were analysed using WGS data. A total of 46 Campylobacter strains were analysed, of which 26 (42.6%) originated from Lithuanian, 16 (26.2%) from Latvian, and 4 (6.6%) from Estonian fresh broiler chicken meat. In addition, 15 (24.6%) Campylobacter strains of patients with campylobacteriosis were tested. The antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolated from fresh broiler chicken meat samples of Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian origin collected in Estonian retail, and from patients with Campylobacter enteric infections, were determined. A total of 46 (75%) of the isolates tested were C. jejuni and 15 (25%) were C. coli. Campylobacter resistance was highest to nalidixic acid (90.2% of strains) and ciprofloxacin (90.2%), followed by tetracycline (57.4%), streptomycin (42.6%) and erythromycin (6.6%). All strains were sensitive to gentamicin. Additionally, antimicrobial resistance genes and point mutations were detected in 27 C. jejuni and 8 C. coli isolates previously assigned as resistant with the phenotypic method. A high antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter spp. in Lithuanian- and Latvian-origin broiler chicken meat and Estonian clinical isolates was found. Similar antibiotic resistance patterns were found for broiler chicken meat and human Campylobacter isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10051067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T02:57:02Z","timestamp":1653274622000},"page":"1067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Antibiotic Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Broiler Chicken Meat and Human Patients in Estonia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Triin","family":"Tedersoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56\/3, 51014 Tartu, Estonia"},{"name":"Veterinary and Food Laboratory, Kreutzwaldi 30, 51006 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7835-0647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mati","family":"Roasto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56\/3, 51014 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5395-3233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihkel","family":"M\u00e4esaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56\/3, 51014 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liidia","family":"H\u00e4kkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Food Laboratory, Kreutzwaldi 30, 51006 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veljo","family":"Kisand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, East-Tallinn Central Hospital, Ravi 18, 10138 Tallinn, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marikki Heidi","family":"Valli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56\/3, 51014 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9182-1394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kadrin","family":"Merem\u00e4e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56\/3, 51014 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2005.01788.x","article-title":"Campylobacter jejuni","volume":"41","author":"Snelling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lett. 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