{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T19:11:30Z","timestamp":1779304290814,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xunta de Galicia under the Ignicia Programme, Axencia Galega de Innovaci\u00f3n, GAIN","award":["IN855A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN855A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A new bacterial species has recently been identified in the dental plaque of an adolescent with Down syndrome. The species is known as Streptococcus downii sp. nov. (abbreviated to S. downii), and it inhibits the growth of S. mutans and certain periodontal pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of S. downii in the oral cavity of individuals with Down syndrome. Methods: A specific polymerase chain reaction for the operon of bacteriocin (class IIb lactobin A\/cerein 7B family) was designed to detect S. downii in individuals with Down syndrome (n = 200) and in the general population (n = 100). We also compared the whole genome of S. downii and the regions related to its bacteriocins against 127 metagenomes of supragingival plaque of the \u201cHuman Microbiome Project\u201d. Results: We detected the specific gene of the S. downii bacteriocin in an individual with Down syndrome (Cq, 34.52; GE\/\u03bcL, 13.0) and in an individual of the non-syndromic control group (Cq, 34.78 Cq; GE\/\u03bcL, 4.93). The prevalence of S. downii was \u22641% both in Down syndrome and in the general population, which did not allow for clinical-microbiological correlations to be established. This result was confirmed by detecting only one metagenome with an ANIm with approximately 95% homology and with 100% homology with ORFs that code class IIb lactobiocin A\/cerein 7B bacteriocins among the 127 metagenomes of the \u201cHuman Microbiome Project\u201d tested. Conclusions: The detection rate of S. downii in the supragingival dental plaque was very low, both in the Down syndrome individuals and in the non-syndromic controls. A clinical-microbiological correlation could therefore not be established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10061098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]],"date-time":"2022-05-29T23:43:03Z","timestamp":1653867783000},"page":"1098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Molecular Detection of Streptococcus downii sp. nov. from Dental Plaque Samples from Patients with Down Syndrome and Non-Syndromic Individuals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8171-4923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliane","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Lamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology, Microbiology and Infectiology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Hospital \u00c1lvaro Cunqueiro, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, 36312 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximiliano","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology, Microbiology and Infectiology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Hospital \u00c1lvaro Cunqueiro, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, 36312 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4956-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Varela-Aneiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5349-1091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcio","family":"Diniz-Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6340-1993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacobo","family":"Limeres-Posse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1483-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Diz-Dios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2018). 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