{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:36:12Z","timestamp":1792175772764,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bilateral S&amp;T Cooperation Program Greece\u2013Germany 2017","award":["T2DGE-0944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2DGE-0944"]}]},{"name":"Bilateral S&amp;T Cooperation Program Greece\u2013Germany 2017","award":["01EI1701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EI1701"]}]},{"name":"Bilateral S&amp;T Cooperation Program Greece\u2013Germany 2017","award":["13GW0458D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13GW0458D"]}]},{"name":"European Union and the General Secretariat for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Development &amp; Investments co-funded the Greek side","award":["T2DGE-0944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2DGE-0944"]}]},{"name":"European Union and the General Secretariat for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Development &amp; Investments co-funded the Greek side","award":["01EI1701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EI1701"]}]},{"name":"European Union and the General Secretariat for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Development &amp; Investments co-funded the Greek side","award":["13GW0458D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13GW0458D"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research funded the German side","award":["T2DGE-0944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2DGE-0944"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research funded the German side","award":["01EI1701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EI1701"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research funded the German side","award":["13GW0458D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13GW0458D"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wild and feral birds are known to be involved in the maintenance and dissemination of clinically-important antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, such as extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli among wild and feral birds from Greece and to describe their antimicrobial resistance characteristics. In this context, fecal samples of 362 birds were collected and cultured. Subsequently, the antimicrobial resistance pheno- and geno-type of all the obtained E. coli isolates were determined. A total of 12 multidrug-resistant (MDR), ESBL-producing E. coli were recovered from eight different wild bird species. Eleven of these isolates carried a blaCTX-M-1 group gene alone or in combination with blaTEM and one carried only blaTEM. AmpC, fluoroquinolone, trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole, aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance genes were also detected. Additionally, one carbapenemase-producing E. coli was identified, harboring blaNDM along with a combination of additional resistance genes. This report describes the occurrence of ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing E. coli among wild avian species in Greece, emphasizing the importance of incorporating wild birds in the assessment of AMR circulation in non-clinical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10061217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T01:39:54Z","timestamp":1655257194000},"page":"1217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Occurrence and Characteristics of ESBL- and Carbapenemase- Producing Escherichia coli from Wild and Feral Birds in Greece"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Zoi","family":"Athanasakopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Diezel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07745 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sascha D.","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07745 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Sofia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexios","family":"Giannakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Monecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07745 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5411-8042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Gary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"fzmb GmbH, Forschungszentrum f\u00fcr Medizintechnik und Biotechnologie, 99947 Bad Langensalza, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenique","family":"Kr\u00e4hmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"fzmb GmbH, Forschungszentrum f\u00fcr Medizintechnik und Biotechnologie, 99947 Bad Langensalza, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1400-7599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitris C.","family":"Chatzopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Touloudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Periklis","family":"Birtsas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry, Wood Science and Design, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matina","family":"Palli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Protection & Rehabilitation Center, 24400 Gargalianoi, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgos","family":"Georgakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Protection & Rehabilitation Center, 24400 Gargalianoi, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vassiliki","family":"Spyrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efthymia","family":"Petinaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6612-0043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Ehricht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07745 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2209-9772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charalambos","family":"Billinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"},{"name":"Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EClinicalMedicine (2021). 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