{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:56:19Z","timestamp":1787028979417,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"the Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC0863400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC0863400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"the Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AN-SO-CR-SP-2020-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AN-SO-CR-SP-2020-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Alliance of International Scientific Organizations","award":["2021YFC0863400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC0863400"]}]},{"name":"the Alliance of International Scientific Organizations","award":["AN-SO-CR-SP-2020-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AN-SO-CR-SP-2020-02"]}]},{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Fondation Merieux and Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2021YFC0863400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC0863400"]}]},{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Fondation Merieux and Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["AN-SO-CR-SP-2020-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AN-SO-CR-SP-2020-02"]}]},{"name":"the International Affairs Department of the Institut Pasteur of Paris","award":["2021YFC0863400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC0863400"]}]},{"name":"the International Affairs Department of the Institut Pasteur of Paris","award":["AN-SO-CR-SP-2020-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AN-SO-CR-SP-2020-02"]}]},{"name":"the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences scholarship","award":["2021YFC0863400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC0863400"]}]},{"name":"the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences scholarship","award":["AN-SO-CR-SP-2020-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AN-SO-CR-SP-2020-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Humans continue to encroach on the habitats of wild animals, potentially bringing different species into contact that would not typically encounter each other under natural circumstances, and forcing them into stressful, suboptimal conditions. Stressors from unsustainable human land use changes are suspected to dramatically exacerbate the probability of zoonotic spillover of pathogens from their natural reservoir hosts to humans, both by increasing viral load (and shedding) and the interface between wildlife with livestock, pets and humans. Given their known role as reservoir hosts, bats continue to be investigated for their possible role as the origins of many viral outbreaks. However, the participation of bat-associated ectoparasites in the spread of potential pathogens requires further work to establish. Here, we conducted a comprehensive review of viruses, viral genes and other viral sequences obtained from bat ectoparasites from studies over the last four decades. This review summarizes research findings of the seven virus families in which these studies have been performed, including Paramyxoviridae, Reoviridae, Flaviviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Nairoviridae, Rhabdoviridae and Filoviridae. We highlight that bat ectoparasites, including dipterans and ticks, are often found to have medically important viruses and may have a role in the maintenance of these pathogens within bat populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10061230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T05:25:11Z","timestamp":1655443511000},"page":"1230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Viral Hyperparasitism in Bat Ectoparasites: Implications for Pathogen Maintenance and Transmission"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tendu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice Catherine","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Berthet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Discovery and Molecular Characterization of Pathogens, Centre for Microbes, Development, and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Environnement et Risque Infectieux, Cellule d\u2019Intervention Biologique d\u2019Urgence, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2022, March 25). 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