{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:19:55Z","timestamp":1789435195544,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"Metropolitan mosquito project funded by the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-00364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-00364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"Metropolitan mosquito project funded by the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["874735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874735"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"SciLifeLab Pandemic Preparedness (LPP1-007) and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research innovation program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-00364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-00364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"SciLifeLab Pandemic Preparedness (LPP1-007) and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research innovation program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["874735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874735"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CGIAR research program Agriculture for Nutrition and Health. This study was supported by B\u00f6rjesson E o R stipends awarded to J.L.","award":["2016-00364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-00364"]}]},{"name":"CGIAR research program Agriculture for Nutrition and Health. This study was supported by B\u00f6rjesson E o R stipends awarded to J.L.","award":["874735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874735"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infections caused by arthropod-borne RNA viruses are overrepresented among emerging infectious diseases. Effective methods for collecting, storing, and transporting clinical or biological specimens are needed worldwide for disease surveillance. However, many tropical regions where these diseases are endemic lack analytical facilities and possibility of continuous cold chains, which presents challenges from both a biosafety and material preservation perspective. Whatman\u00ae FTA\u00ae Classic Cards may serve as an effective and safe option for transporting hazardous samples at room temperature, particularly for RNA viruses classified as biosafety level (BSL) 2 and 3 pathogens, from sampling sites to laboratories. In this study, we investigated the biosafety and perseverance of representative alpha- and flaviviruses stored on FTA\u00ae cards. To evaluate the virus inactivation capacity of FTA\u00ae cards, we used Sindbis virus (SINV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). We inoculated susceptible cells with dilution series of eluates from viral samples stored on the FTA\u00ae cards and observed for cytopathic effect to evaluate the ability of the cards to inactivate viruses. All tested viruses were inactivated after storage on FTA\u00ae cards. In addition, we quantified viral RNA of JEV, SINV, and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) stored on FTA\u00ae cards at 4 \u00b0C, 25 \u00b0C, and 37 \u00b0C for 30 days using two reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR assays. Viral RNA of SINV stored on FTA\u00ae cards was not reduced at either 4 \u00b0C or 25 \u00b0C over a 30-day period, but degraded rapidly at 37 \u00b0C. For JEV and TBEV, degradation was observed at all temperatures, with the most rapid degradation occurring at 37 \u00b0C. Therefore, the use of FTA\u00ae cards provides a safe and effective workflow for the collection, storage, and analysis of BSL 2- and 3-virus RNA samples, but there is a risk of false negative results if the cards are stored at higher temperatures for long periods of time. Conscious usage of the cards can be useful in disease surveillance and research, especially in tropical areas where transportation and cold chains are problematic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10071445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T11:32:23Z","timestamp":1658143943000},"page":"1445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Usage of FTA\u00ae Classic Cards for Safe Storage, Shipment, and Detection of Arboviruses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5061-7143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janina","family":"Krambrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emelie","family":"Bringeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2489-4400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny C.","family":"Hesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2239-9078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tove","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8608-6551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c5ke","family":"Lundkvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1175-0398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna F.","family":"Lindahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2559-9","article-title":"Mosquito-borne arboviruses of African origin: Review of key viruses and vectors","volume":"11","author":"Braack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vez008","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vez008","article-title":"Mutational load causes stochastic evolutionary outcomes in acute RNA viral infection","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Evol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2299-6","article-title":"Mechanisms of viral mutation","volume":"73","author":"Sanjuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. 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