{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T22:53:09Z","timestamp":1772578389447,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research","award":["LR11IPT02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR11IPT02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study shows, for the first time, natural Leishmania infection among Jaculus spp. in an endemic region of Tataouine, South Tunisia. To better characterize the transmission cycles in this complex focus of mixed transmission, Leishmania detection and species identification were performed by direct examination, internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS1)-PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and sequencing of Jaculus (J.) jaculus (Linnaeus, 1758) and J. hirtipes (Lichtenstein, 1823) rodent species, which are frequently encountered in this area. Leishmania parasites were observed in 19 (41.3%) smears, while DNA parasites were detected in 28 (60.9%) Jaculus spp. spleens; among them, 12 (54.5%) were from 22 J. jaculus individuals and 16 (66.7%) were from 24 J. hirtipes individuals. Leishmania parasites were confirmed as Leishmania (L.) killicki (syn. L. tropica) in two J. hirtipes individuals (4.3%) and L. major (n = 24; 52.2%) in 10 J. jaculus and 14 J. hirtipes individuals. This finding represents the first evidence of natural infection with Leishmania parasites in rodents belonging to the Jaculus genus, providing the rationale to consider them as potential reservoir hosts of Old World Leishmania parasites in Tunisia and North Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10081502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T21:20:59Z","timestamp":1658784059000},"page":"1502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["First Report of Two Jaculus Rodents as Potential Reservoir Hosts of Leishmania Parasites in Tunisia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4004-6532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wissem","family":"Ghawar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR16IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5868-4204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melek","family":"Chaouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LR16IPT06), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics (LR16IPT09), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afif","family":"Ben Salah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR16IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama 329, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Ali","family":"Snoussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Transmission, Control and 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Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR16IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Said","family":"Chouchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Health Regional Directorate of Tataouine, Administrative City, Tataouine Nouvelle, Tataouine 3263, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amor","family":"Bouaoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), 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