{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:09:07Z","timestamp":1791569347797,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31972318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KYCX21_3208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX21_3208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["31972318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972318"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["KYCX21_3208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX21_3208"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The plant-associated bacteria, including that in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane, play important roles in human exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). The rhizosphere and rhizoplane represent two distinct environments with different selective pressures for bacterial colonization. However, whether the difference in characteristics between the rhizosphere and rhizoplane can affect the abundance and antibiotic resistance profiles of ARB colonizing, the two environments remain largely unknown. In this study, we obtained 174 bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere (113 isolates) and rhizoplane (61 isolates) of Citrus medica trees grown in a park, where humans could easily and frequently contact the trees. A very high proportion of isolates exhibited resistance to several clinically important antibiotics, including \u03b2-lactam class antibiotics and polymyxin, with several known antibiotic-resistant opportunistic pathogens, such as Micrococcus luteus, being identified. The prevalence of ARB in the rhizoplane was higher than that in the rhizosphere. While the prevalence of polymyxin-resistant isolates was higher in the rhizoplane, the prevalence of amphenicol-resistant isolates was significantly higher in the rhizosphere. In summary, our findings suggest that the rhizosphere and rhizoplane are important media for the spread of ARB, and the different characteristics between the two environments can affect the distribution of ARB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10091708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T02:04:32Z","timestamp":1661479472000},"page":"1708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["High Prevalence and Varied Distribution of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in the Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane of Citrus medica"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7859-4457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, 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Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaomen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guixin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious 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China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunzeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard 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