{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:38:15Z","timestamp":1792805895096,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]],"date-time":"2022-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Harry Crossley Foundation","award":["86949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["86949"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03t1asa17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Harry Crossley Foundation","award":["22941\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22941\/Z\/21\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03t1asa17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"South African government through the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative","award":["86949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["86949"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05q60vz69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"South African government through the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative","award":["22941\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22941\/Z\/21\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05q60vz69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Wellcome Foundation","award":["86949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["86949"]}]},{"name":"Wellcome Foundation","award":["22941\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22941\/Z\/21\/Z"]}]},{"name":"Stellenbosch University Postgraduate Scholarship Programme","award":["86949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["86949"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bk57929","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Stellenbosch University Postgraduate Scholarship Programme","award":["22941\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22941\/Z\/21\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bk57929","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) may be confounded by immunological cross-reactivity to Mycobacterium bovis antigens when animals are sensitised by certain nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate NTM species diversity in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) respiratory secretions and tissue samples, using a combination of novel molecular tools. Oronasal swabs were collected opportunistically from 120 immobilised buffaloes in historically bTB-free herds. In addition, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF; n = 10) and tissue samples (n = 19) were obtained during post-mortem examination. Mycobacterial species were identified directly from oronasal swab samples using the Xpert MTB\/RIF Ultra qPCR (14\/120 positive) and GenoType CMdirect (104\/120 positive). In addition, all samples underwent mycobacterial culture, and PCRs targeting hsp65 and rpoB were performed. Overall, 55 NTM species were identified in 36 mycobacterial culture-positive swab samples with presence of esat-6 or cfp-10 detected in 20 of 36 isolates. The predominant species were M. avium complex and M. komanii. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were also isolated from 6 of 10 culture-positive BALF and 4 of 19 culture-positive tissue samples. Our findings demonstrate that there is a high diversity of NTMs present in buffaloes, and further investigation should determine their role in confounding bTB diagnosis in this species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10091861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T02:06:50Z","timestamp":1663553210000},"page":"1861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Identification and Characterisation of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in African Buffaloes (Syncerus caffer), South Africa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9497-2614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlene","family":"Clarke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3890-4959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanya J.","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin M.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1635-253X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e9anie","family":"Kleynhans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5883-6076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6614-9084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wynand J.","family":"Goosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638718824074","article-title":"Distribution and Expression of Esat-6 and Cfp-10 in Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Isolated from Lymph Nodes of Slaughtered Cattle in Switzerland","volume":"31","author":"Scherrer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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