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This study aimed at establishing environmental microbial baselines that can be used to assess turtle health under altered future conditions. We characterized the microbiome associated with the gastrointestinal tract of green turtles from Guinea Bissau in different life stages and associated with their food items, using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. We found that the most abundant (% relative abundance) bacterial phyla across the gastrointestinal sections were Proteobacteria (68.1 \u00b1 13.9% \u201camplicon sequence variants\u201d, ASVs), Bacteroidetes (15.1 \u00b1 10.1%) and Firmicutes (14.7 \u00b1 21.7%). Additionally, we found the presence of two red algae bacterial indicator ASVs (the Alphaproteobacteria Brucella pinnipedialis with 75 \u00b1 0% and a Gammaproteobacteria identified as methanotrophic endosymbiont of Bathymodiolus, with &lt;1%) in cloacal compartments, along with six bacterial ASVs shared only between cloacal and local environmental red algae samples. We corroborate previous results demonstrating that green turtles fed on red algae (but, to a lower extent, also seagrass and brown algae), thus, acquiring microbial components that potentially aid them digest these food items. This study is a foundation for better understanding the microbial composition of sea turtle digestive tracts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10101988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T04:00:02Z","timestamp":1665288002000},"page":"1988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Red, Gold and Green: Microbial Contribution of Rhodophyta and Other Algae to Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Gut Microbiome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"D\u00edaz-Abad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CCMAR\u2014Centre of Marine Sciences, CIMAR, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"IMBRSea, International Master of Science in Marine Biological Resources, IMBRSea Universities Consortium, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natassia","family":"Bacco-Mannina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCMAR\u2014Centre of Marine Sciences, CIMAR, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8765-9470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Miguel Madeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1316-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ester A.","family":"Serrao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCMAR\u2014Centre of Marine Sciences, CIMAR, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"CIBIO\/InBIO\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aissa","family":"Regalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBAP\u2014Instituto da Biodiversidade e das \u00c1reas Protegidas Dr. Alfredo Sim\u00e3o da Silva, Bissau 1220, Guinea-Bissau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana R.","family":"Patr\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Ispa\u2014Instituto Universit\u00e1rio, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Ecology & Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, Cornwall, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro R.","family":"Frade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCMAR\u2014Centre of Marine Sciences, CIMAR, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2007.12.008","article-title":"The role of microbiota in infectious disease","volume":"16","author":"Stecher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"166","article-title":"Digestive fermentation in green turtles, Chelonia mydas, feeding on algae","volume":"48","author":"Bjorndal","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull. 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