{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:09:07Z","timestamp":1789826947171,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Secretaria de Educaci\u00f3n, Ciencia, Tencolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (SECTEI)","award":["9200c19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9200c19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a relevant public health problem worldwide, and microbiome bacteria may contribute to the horizontal gene transfer associated with antimicrobial resistance. The microbiome of fecal samples from Mexican adolescents were analyzed and correlated with eating habits, and the presence of AMR genes on bacteria in the microbiome was evaluated. Fecal samples from adolescents were collected and processed to extract genomic DNA. An Illumina HiSeq 1500 system was used to determine resistance genes and the microbiome of adolescents through the amplification of gene resistance and the V3\u2013V4 regions of RNA, respectively. Analysis of the microbiome from fecal samples taken from 18 obese, overweight, and normal-weight adolescents revealed that the Firmicutes was the most frequent phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. The following species were detected as the most frequent in the samples: F. prausnitzii, P. cori, B. adolescentis, E. coli and A. muciniphila. The presence of Bacteroides, Prevotella and Ruminococcus was used to establish the enterotype; enterotype 1 was more common in women and enterotype 2 was more common in men. Twenty-nine AMR genes were found for \u03b2-lactamases, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolide, lincosamides, streptogramin (MLS), tetracyclines and sulfonamides. The presence of microorganisms in fecal samples that harbor AMR genes that work against antimicrobials frequently used for the treatment of microbial infections such as b-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, MLS, and tetracyclines is of great concern, as these organisms may be an important reservoir for horizontal AMR gene transfer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10101995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T23:31:43Z","timestamp":1665358303000},"page":"1995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Importance of Microbiome of Fecal Samples Obtained from Adolescents with Different Weight Conditions on Resistance Gene Transfer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6693-7168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando","family":"Navarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo E.","family":"Rodea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology Research Unit, Federico G\u00f3mez Children\u2019s Hospital of Mexico\/Faculty of Medicine UNAM, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4763-0267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo G.","family":"Castel\u00e1n-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Researchers for Mexico Program, Genomics and Evolutionary Dynamics Group of Emerging Microorganisms, National Council of Science and Technology, (CONACYT), Mexico City 82996, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor Armando","family":"Saucedo-Pastrana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Services of Mexico City, Mexico City 04730, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delia","family":"Licona-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6286-6454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Eslava-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Hemato-Oncology and Research Building, Children\u2019s Hospital of Mexico Federico G\u00f3mez, Dr. M\u00e1rquez 162, Col. De los Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura L.","family":"Tirado-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Vilchis-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Garc\u00eda de la Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Cruz-Licea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global Burden of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance in 2019: A Systematic Analysis","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, J. (2016). Tackling Drug-Resistant Infections Globally: Final Report and Recommendations. Lon-Don: Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, Government of the United Kingdom."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"WHO Regional Office for Europe (2022). WHO Regional Office for Europe\/European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 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