{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:54:21Z","timestamp":1792443261794,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2018R1D1A3B05048283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1D1A3B05048283"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Brucella species is the causative agent of brucellosis in humans and animals. So far, brucellosis has caused considerable economic losses and serious public health threats. Furthermore, Brucella is classified as a category B bioterrorism agent. Although the mortality of brucellosis is low, the pathogens are persistent in mammalian hosts and result in chronic infection. Brucella is a facultative intracellular bacterium; hence, it has to invade different professional and non-professional phagocytes through the host phagocytosis mechanism to establish its lifecycle. The phagocytosis of Brucella into the host cells undergoes several phases including Brucella detection, formation of Brucella-containing vacuoles, and Brucella survival via intracellular growth or being killed by host-specific bactericidal activities. Different host surface receptors contribute effectively to recognize Brucella including non-opsonic receptors (toll-like receptors and scavenger receptor A) or opsonic receptors (Fc receptors and complement system receptors). Brucella lacks classical virulence factors such as exotoxin, spores, cytolysins, exoenzymes, virulence plasmid, and capsules. However, once internalized, Brucella expresses various virulence factors to avoid phagolysosome fusion, bypass harsh environments, and establish a replicative niche. This review provides general and updated information regarding Brucella phagocytosis mediated by pathogen-host interactions and their intracellular survival in host cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10102003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T06:13:27Z","timestamp":1665468807000},"page":"2003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Brucella Phagocytosis Mediated by Pathogen-Host Interactions and Their Intracellular Survival"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7065-7276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tran X. N.","family":"Huy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH University, 475A Dien Bien Phu St., Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City 72300, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trang T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heejin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisha W. B.","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Ba\u00f1os, Laguna 4031, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5795-2019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Espinoza, G., Arce-Gorvel, V., Memet, S., and Gorvel, J.P. (2021). Brucella: Reservoirs and Niches in Animals and Humans. 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