{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:18:58Z","timestamp":1790745538086,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,16]],"date-time":"2022-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/28469\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/28469\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The intensive and extensive broiler production systems imply different veterinary interventions, including the use of antimicrobials. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from both systems, characterize resistance mechanisms to \u03b2-lactams and polymyxins, and identify genetic elements such as integrons. E. coli isolates recovered from broiler cecal samples were assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility through the broth microdilution technique. The molecular characterization of acquired resistance mechanisms to \u03b2-lactams and colistin and the detection of integrons was performed by a multiplex PCR. For most antibiotics tested, the prevalence of reduced susceptibility is higher in commensal and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL)\/AmpC producers from broilers raised in the intensive system, compared with those raised under extensive conditions. SHV-12 was the most common ESBL enzyme found in both production systems. Other ESBL variants such as CTX-M-1, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-32, CTX-M-9, TEM-52, and plasmid-encoded AmpC enzyme CMY-2 were also present. MCR-1 was identified in a colistin-resistant isolate from broilers raised under the intensive system. This study highlights the differences in E. coli antibiotic susceptibility from both production types and emphasizes that a great deal of work remains to decrease consumption and antimicrobial resistance levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10102044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T03:43:58Z","timestamp":1665978238000},"page":"2044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles and Resistance Mechanisms to \u03b2-Lactams and Polymyxins of Escherichia coli from Broilers Raised under Intensive and Extensive Production Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2572-9087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV\u2014National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"University of \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Le\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV\u2014National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"MED\u2014Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2064-2046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lurdes","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV\u2014National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV\u2014National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5139-3268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV\u2014National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"ECDC (2022, June 30). 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