{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:47:37Z","timestamp":1790178457281,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fudan University","award":["2021QD026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021QD026"]}]},{"name":"Fudan University","award":["81701206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81701206"]}]},{"name":"Fudan University","award":["81671200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671200"]}]},{"name":"Fudan University","award":["81471241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81471241"]}]},{"name":"Fudan University","award":["81870968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870968"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021QD026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021QD026"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81701206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81701206"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81671200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671200"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81471241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81471241"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81870968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870968"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enterobacteriaceae are often found in the lungs of patients with severe Traumatic Brain Injury (sTBI). However, it is unknown whether these bacteria come from the gut microbiota. To investigate this hypothesis, the mice model of sTBI was used in this study. After sTBI, Chao1 and Simpson index peaking at 7 d in the lungs (p &lt; 0.05). The relative abundance of Acinetobacter in the lungs increased to 16.26% at 7 d after sTBI. The chao1 index of gut microbiota increased after sTBI and peaked at 7 d (p &lt; 0.05). Three hours after sTBI, the conditional pathogens such as Lachnoclostridium, Acinetobacter, Bacteroides and Streptococcus grew significantly. At 7 d and 14 d, the histology scores in the sTBI group were significantly higher than the control group (p &lt; 0.05). The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity increased at all-time points after sTBI and peaked at 7 d (p &lt; 0.05). The LBP and sCD14 peaking 7 d after sTBI (p &lt; 0.05). The Zonulin increased significantly at 3 d after sTBI and maintained the high level (p &lt; 0.05). SourceTracker identified that the lung tissue microbiota reflects 49.69% gut source at 7 d after sTBI. In the small intestine, sTBI induced gastrointestinal dysfunction with increased apoptosis and decreasing antimicrobial peptides. There was a negative correlation between gut conditional pathogens and the expression level of antimicrobial peptides in Paneth cells. Our data indicate that gut bacteria translocated to the lungs after sTBI, and Paneth cells may regulate gut microbiota stability and translocation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10102082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T06:37:45Z","timestamp":1666593465000},"page":"2082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Translocation and Dissemination of Gut Bacteria after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Weijian","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoying","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06702-4","article-title":"Management of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: An update for the intensivist","volume":"48","author":"Meyfroidt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varela-Trinidad, G.U., Dominguez-Diaz, C., Solorzano-Castanedo, K., Iniguez-Gutierrez, L., Hernandez-Flores, T.J., and Fafutis-Morris, M. 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