{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T15:11:27Z","timestamp":1782313887754,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Consulting Laboratory Fund","award":["53233343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["53233343"]}]},{"name":"National Consulting Laboratory Fund","award":["01KI1729A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI1729A"]}]},{"name":"National Consulting Laboratory Fund","award":["01KI1905A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI1905A"]}]},{"name":"German Ministry of Education and Research","award":["53233343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["53233343"]}]},{"name":"German Ministry of Education and Research","award":["01KI1729A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI1729A"]}]},{"name":"German Ministry of Education and Research","award":["01KI1905A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI1905A"]}]},{"name":"BMBF-ZooSeq","award":["53233343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["53233343"]}]},{"name":"BMBF-ZooSeq","award":["01KI1729A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI1729A"]}]},{"name":"BMBF-ZooSeq","award":["01KI1905A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI1905A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the most important viral tick-borne infection in Europe and Asia. It is emerging in new areas. The mechanisms of emergence are fairly unknown or speculative. In the Ravensburg district in southern Germany, TBE emerged, mainly over the last five years. Here, we analyzed the underlying epidemiology in humans. The resulting identified natural foci of the causal TBE virus (TBEV) were genetically characterized. We sampled 13 potential infection sites at these foci and detected TBEV in ticks (Ixodes ricinus) at eight sites. Phylogenetic analysis spurred the introduction of at least four distinct TBEV lineages of the European subtype into the Ravensburg district over the last few years. In two instances, a continuous spread of these virus strains over up to 10 km was observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10112125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T22:36:17Z","timestamp":1666910177000},"page":"2125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Emergence and Dynamics of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in a New Endemic Region in Southern Germany"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2166-0716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for TBEV, Bundeswehr Institute for Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Chitimia-Dobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for TBEV, Bundeswehr Institute for Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malena","family":"Bestehorn-Willmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for TBEV, Bundeswehr Institute for Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Lindau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Drehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Stroppel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Office, District Ravensburg, 88212 Ravensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helga","family":"Hengge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Office, District Ravensburg, 88212 Ravensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Mackenstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Kaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBI), University Medical Center Freiburg im Breisgau, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7461-293X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerhard","family":"Dobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for TBEV, Bundeswehr Institute for Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1175-4778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Borde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Praxis Prof. Borde & Kollegen, Gesundheitszentrum Oberkirch, 77704 Oberkirch, Germany"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg im Breisgau, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaute, J., Spiteri, G., Warns-Petit, E., and Zeller, H. 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