{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:32:20Z","timestamp":1790836340141,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,20]],"date-time":"2022-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arthropod vectors and parasites are identified morphologically or, more recently, by molecular methods. Both methods are time consuming and require expertise and, in the case of molecular methods, specific devices. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identification of bacteria has meant a major change in clinical microbiology laboratories because of its simplicity, speed and specificity, and its capacity to identify microorganisms, in some cases, directly from the sample (urine cultures, blood cultures). Recently, MALDI-TOF MS has been shown as useful for the identification of some parasites. On the other hand, the identification of vector arthropods and the control of their populations is essential for the control of diseases transmitted by arthropods, and in this aspect, it is crucial to have fast, simple and reliable methods for their identification. Ticks are blood-sucking arthropods with a worldwide distribution, that behave as efficient vectors of a wide group of human and animal pathogens, including bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and even helminths. They are capable of parasitizing numerous species of mammals, birds and reptiles. They constitute the second group of vectors of human diseases, after mosquitoes. MALDI-TOF MS has been shown as useful for the identification of different tick species, such as Ixodes, Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma. Some studies even suggest the possibility of being able to determine, through MALDI-TOF MS, if the arthropod is a carrier of certain microorganisms. Regarding mosquitoes, the main group of vector arthropods, the possibility of using MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of different species of Aedes and Anopheles has also been demonstrated. In this review, we address the possibilities of this technology for the identification of parasites and arthropod vectors, its characteristics, advantages and possible limitations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10112300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T03:09:30Z","timestamp":1669000170000},"page":"2300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Applications of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry to the Identification of Parasites and Arthropod Vectors of Human Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Fernando","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Juanes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelia","family":"Calvo S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2230-1256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moncef","family":"Belhassen Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine-Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Vieira Lista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5066-9496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul Manzano","family":"Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rufino","family":"\u00c1lamo Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Information Service, Consejer\u00eda de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n, 47007 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0244-4740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Muro \u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5981-8785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Mu\u00f1oz Bellido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60352a007","article-title":"Identification of bacteria using mass spectrometry","volume":"47","author":"Anhalt","year":"1975","journal-title":"Anal. 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