{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:18:54Z","timestamp":1790878734776,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Office of Naval Research Global","award":["ONRglobal N62909-20-1-2034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ONRglobal N62909-20-1-2034"]}]},{"name":"U.S. Office of Naval Research Global","award":["CNPq 306330\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq 306330\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["ONRglobal N62909-20-1-2034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ONRglobal N62909-20-1-2034"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["CNPq 306330\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq 306330\/2018-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Candidiasis is an opportunistic mycosis with high annual incidence worldwide. In these infections, Candida albicans is the chief pathogen owing to its multiple virulence factors. C. albicans infections are usually treated with azoles, polyenes and echinocandins. However, these antifungals may have limitations regarding toxicity, relapse of infections, high cost, and emergence of antifungal resistance. Thus, the development of nanocarrier systems, such as metal nanoparticles, has been widely investigated. Metal nanoparticles are particulate dispersions or solid particles 10\u2013100 nm in size, with unique physical and chemical properties that make them useful in biomedical applications. In this review, we focus on the activity of silver, gold, and iron nanoparticles against C. albicans. We discuss the use of metal nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for antifungal drugs or natural compounds to increase their biocompatibility and effectiveness. Promisingly, most of these nanoparticles exhibit potential antifungal activity through multi-target mechanisms in C. albicans cells and biofilms, which can minimize the emergence of antifungal resistance. The cytotoxicity of metal nanoparticles is a concern, and adjustments in synthesis approaches or coating techniques have been addressed to overcome these limitations, with great emphasis on green synthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11010138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T03:36:05Z","timestamp":1672889765000},"page":"138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Metal Nanoparticles to Combat Candida albicans Infections: An Update"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3186-885X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Henrique Fonseca do","family":"Carmo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u00edra Terra","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00edvia Mara Alves","family":"Figueiredo-Godoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1663-369X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Carolina Pinheiro","family":"Lage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Fiocruz Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6452-9278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Newton Soares da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6646-6856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Campos","family":"Junqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844069","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.844069","article-title":"Epidemiology and Prevalence of Oral Candidiasis in HIV Patients from Chad in the Post-HAART Era","volume":"13","author":"Kuhns","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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