{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T19:29:27Z","timestamp":1770665367878,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-38"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["2018YFD0502100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFD0502100"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["1090064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1090064"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["YJ201825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJ201825"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["CARS-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-38"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2018YFD0502100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFD0502100"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["1090064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1090064"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["YJ201825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJ201825"]}]},{"name":"Hebei Agricultural University","award":["CARS-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-38"]}]},{"name":"Hebei Agricultural University","award":["2018YFD0502100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFD0502100"]}]},{"name":"Hebei Agricultural University","award":["1090064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1090064"]}]},{"name":"Hebei Agricultural University","award":["YJ201825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJ201825"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of Hebei Agricultural University","award":["CARS-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-38"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of Hebei Agricultural University","award":["2018YFD0502100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFD0502100"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of Hebei Agricultural University","award":["1090064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1090064"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of Hebei Agricultural University","award":["YJ201825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJ201825"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colonization of gastrointestinal microbiota in mammals during early life is vital to host health. The objective of this study was to investigate whether lambs with high and low ADG have a different rumen and rectum microbial community. Thus, we investigated potential relationships between rumen and rectum microbiota and average daily gain (ADG) in weaned lambs. Sixteen lambs with similar body weights (7.63 \u00b1 1.18 kg) were selected at 30 days of age. At 60 days of age, lambs were weaned, and ADG was calculated from 60 to 90 days. Then, two groups were generated: higher ADG (HG, 134.17 \u00b1 13.48 g\/day) and lower ADG (LG, 47.50 \u00b1 19.51 g\/day). Microbiota was evaluated at 30, 60, and 90 days of age. The final live weight and ADG at 90 days of age was higher (p &lt; 0.05) in the HG group compared to the LG group. The maturity of bacterial and fungal communities was increased (p &lt; 0.05) in the HG group for the 30 days vs. 90 days comparison and 60 days vs. 90 days comparison. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed a total of 18 bacterial biomarkers that are ADG-specific in the rumen and 35 bacterial biomarkers in the rectum. Meanwhile, 15 fungal biomarkers were found in the rumen and 8 biomarkers were found in the rectum. Our findings indicated that ADG is related to the rumen and rectum microbiota in lambs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T11:25:47Z","timestamp":1675077947000},"page":"348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Average Daily Gain in Lambs Weaned at 60 Days of Age Is Correlated with Rumen and Rectum Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xuejiao","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunhui","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoukun","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peizhi","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sisi","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueqin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1119","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1119","article-title":"Dynamic change of the gastrointestinal bacterial ecology in cows from birth to adulthood","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"MicrobiologyOpen"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.5.1520","article-title":"Small intestine epithelial barrier function is compromised in pigs with low feed intake at weaning","volume":"131","author":"Spreeuwenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-320951","article-title":"Multiomics analysis reveals the presence of a microbiome in the gut of fetal lambs","volume":"70","author":"Bi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2010.01000.x","article-title":"Impact of inulin and a multispecies probiotic formulation on performance, microbial ecology and concomitant fermentation patterns in newly weaned piglets","volume":"94","author":"Mair","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02227","article-title":"Analysis of the Rumen Microbiome and Metabolome to Study the Effect of an Antimethanogenic Treatment Applied in Early Life of Kid Goats","volume":"9","author":"Abecia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000597","article-title":"Why is initial bacterial colonization of the intestine important to infants\u2019 and children\u2019s health?","volume":"60","author":"Houghteling","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2005.00530.x","article-title":"Precaecal and faecal digestibility of inulin (DP 10-12) or an inulin\/Enterococcus faecium mix and effects on nutrient digestibility and microbial gut flora","volume":"89","author":"Branner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-4-19","article-title":"The biological stress of early weaned piglets","volume":"4","author":"Campbell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(00)00223-2","article-title":"Development of digestive and immunological function in neonates: Role of early nutrition","volume":"66","author":"Kelly","year":"2000","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19990208","article-title":"Psychobiological consequences of two different weaning methods in sheep","volume":"39","author":"Orgeur","year":"1999","journal-title":"Reprod. Nutr. Dev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2006.01009.x","article-title":"Post-natal development of the porcine microbiota composition and activities","volume":"8","author":"Konstantinov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7131","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-9144","article-title":"Rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, and growth performance of calves during transition from liquid to solid feed: Effects of dietary level and particle size of alfalfa hay","volume":"98","author":"Nemati","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2020.1812618","article-title":"The functional development of the rumen is influenced by weaning and associated with ruminal microbiota in lambs","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Li, C., Niu, X., Zhang, Z., Li, F., and Li, F. (2018). An intensive milk replacer feeding program benefits immune response and intestinal microbiota of lambs during weaning. BMC Vet. Res., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1691-x"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636865","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.636865","article-title":"Weaning Age Affects the Development of the Ruminal Bacterial and Archaeal Community in Hu Lambs During Early Life","volume":"12","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.06.003","article-title":"Dietary supplementation of yeast cell wall improves the gastrointestinal development of weaned calves","volume":"6","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00004","article-title":"The Development of Microbiota and Metabolome in Small Intestine of Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) from Birth to Weaning","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2011.12.2.151","article-title":"The stress of weaning influences serum levels of acute-phase proteins, iron-binding proteins, inflammatory cytokines, cortisol, and leukocyte subsets in Holstein calves","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, X., Tsai, T., Howe, S., and Zhao, J. (2021). Weaning Induced Gut Dysfunction and Nutritional Interventions in Nursery Pigs: A Partial Review. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11051279"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5445","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19990","article-title":"Starch-protein interaction in the rumen of weaned dairy calves","volume":"104","author":"Chishti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2020.100076","article-title":"Rumen fluid transplantation affects growth performance of weaned lambs by altering gastrointestinal microbiota, immune function and feed digestibility","volume":"15","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13270","article-title":"Effect of inclusion of HMBi in the ration of goats on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen bacteria community and blood serum parameters","volume":"104","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13277","article-title":"Metagenomic profiles of the rumen microbiota during the transition period in low-yield and high-yield dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"Sofyan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.9162","article-title":"Compositional and structural dynamics of the ruminal microbiota in dairy heifers and its relationship to methane production","volume":"99","author":"Cunha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skx081","article-title":"Rumen bacterial community structure impacts feed efficiency in beef cattle","volume":"96","author":"Paz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-020-0678-3","article-title":"Linking perturbations to temporal changes in diversity, stability, and compositions of neonatal calf gut microbiota: Prediction of diarrhea","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.06.028","article-title":"Unraveling the association of fecal microbiota and oxidative stress with stillbirth rate of sows","volume":"136","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","article-title":"QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data","volume":"7","author":"Caporaso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr507","article-title":"FLASH: Fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies","volume":"27","author":"Salzberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq461","article-title":"Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST","volume":"26","author":"Edgar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D141","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn879","article-title":"The Ribosomal Database Project: Improved alignments and new tools for rRNA analysis","volume":"37","author":"Cole","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R60","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60","article-title":"Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation","volume":"12","author":"Segata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11550","article-title":"Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota","volume":"489","author":"Lozupone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00582","article-title":"Development of Ruminal and Fecal Microbiomes Are Affected by Weaning But Not Weaning Strategy in Dairy Calves","volume":"7","author":"Meale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G352","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00081.2009","article-title":"Early weaning stress impairs development of mucosal barrier function in the porcine intestine","volume":"298","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S., Ma, T., Zhao, G., Zhang, N., Tu, Y., Li, F., Cui, K., Bi, Y., Ding, H., and Diao, Q. (2019). Effect of Age and Weaning on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Serum Parameters in Lambs Fed Starter with Limited Ewe-Lamb Interaction. Animals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9100825"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-018-9097-z","article-title":"Diet simplification selects for high gut microbial diversity and strong fermenting ability in high-altitude pikas","volume":"102","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13450","article-title":"Environmental filtering increases with elevation for the assembly of gut microbiota in wild pikas","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0618-5","article-title":"Comparative metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses reveal the breed effect on the rumen microbiome and its associations with feed efficiency in beef cattle","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2958","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2016.62","article-title":"Specific microbiome-dependent mechanisms underlie the energy harvest efficiency of ruminants","volume":"10","author":"Shabat","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s220","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731118001957","article-title":"Review: The compositional variation of the rumen microbiome and its effect on host performance and methane emission","volume":"12","author":"Mizrahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306541","article-title":"Exercise and associated dietary extremes impact on gut microbial diversity","volume":"63","author":"Clarke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630605","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.630605","article-title":"The Rumen Bacterial Community in Dairy Cows Is Correlated to Production Traits During Freshening Period","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01846","article-title":"Exploring the Spatial-Temporal Microbiota of Compound Stomachs in a Pre-weaned Goat Model","volume":"9","author":"Lei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02125","article-title":"Characterization and Comparison of Microbiota in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of the Goat (Capra hircus) During Preweaning Development","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584742","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.584742","article-title":"Distinct Stage Changes in Early-Life Colonization and Acquisition of the Gut Microbiota and Its Correlations With Volatile Fatty Acids in Goat Kids","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7482","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00388-10","article-title":"Rumen microbial population dynamics during adaptation to a high-grain diet","volume":"76","author":"Fernando","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03682-14","article-title":"Metatranscriptomic analyses of plant cell wall polysaccharide degradation by microorganisms in the cow rumen","volume":"81","author":"Dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Li, T., Berasategui, A., Rui, J., Zhang, X., Li, C., Xiao, Z., and Li, X. (2017). Gut region influences the diversity and interactions of bacterial communities in pikas (Ochotona curzoniae and Ochotona daurica). FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 93.","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fix149"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO02961C","article-title":"The potential of proteins, hydrolysates and peptides as growth factors for Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium: Current research and future perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skaa287","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa287","article-title":"The relationship between the rumen microbiome and carcass merit in Angus steers","volume":"98","author":"Krause","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02977-13","article-title":"Genomic overview and biological functions of exopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Bifidobacterium spp.","volume":"80","author":"Milani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turroni, F., Duranti, S., Milani, C., Lugli, G.A., van Sinderen, D., and Ventura, M. (2019). Bifidobacterium bifidum: A Key Member of the Early Human Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7110544"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00005.2016","article-title":"Gut Microbiota: Modulation of Host Physiology in Obesity","volume":"31","author":"Nehra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15652-8","article-title":"Stochasticity constrained by deterministic effects of diet and age drive rumen microbiome assembly dynamics","volume":"11","author":"Furman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.04.004","article-title":"Dynamics and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life","volume":"17","author":"Roswall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55978-y","article-title":"Rumen Bacteria and Serum Metabolites Predictive of Feed Efficiency Phenotypes in Beef Cattle","volume":"9","author":"Clemmons","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7967","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13040","article-title":"Effects of feeding pasteurized waste milk to dairy calves on phenotypes and genotypes of antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli isolates before and after weaning","volume":"100","author":"Maynou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-017-0063-4","article-title":"Swine enteric colibacillosis: Diagnosis, therapy and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"3","author":"Luppi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Porcine Health Manag."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13300","article-title":"The fungal community and its interaction with the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the caecum and colon of weaned piglets","volume":"104","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jia.2022.08.092","article-title":"Dynamic change of fungal community in the gastrointestinal tract of growing lambs","volume":"21","author":"Hui","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agr."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/11\/2\/348\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:20:23Z","timestamp":1760120423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/11\/2\/348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms11020348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11020348","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]}}}