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Therefore, this study investigated borrelial infection in Ornithodoros ticks collected in rodent-inhabited rock formations in the Brazilian semiarid region, within the Caatinga biome. Collected ticks (Ornithodoros rietcorreai and Ornithodoros cf. tabajara) were allowed to feed under laboratory conditions on guinea pigs, which had blood samples examined daily by dark-field microscopy. No spirochetes were visualized in the blood of any of four O. rietcorreai-infested guinea pigs. Contrastingly, spirochetes were visualized between 9 and 39 days after tick feeding in the blood of three guinea pigs, each infested with O. cf. tabajara ticks from a different locality. Guinea pig infection was confirmed by passages into experimental animals and by generating DNA sequences of Borrelia spp. from the blood of spirochetemic guinea pigs. Three O. cf. tabajara populations were infected by the same borrelial organism, which was characterized as a novel RFG agent (named as \u2018Candidatus Borrelia caatinga\u2019) based on 10 Borrelia loci (rrs, flaB, glpQ, gyrB, clpX, pepX, pyrG, recG, rplB and uvrA). We demonstrated that O. cf. tabajara is a competent vector of the novel Borrelia sp. isolates, although none of the infected rodents developed clinical illness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T02:57:24Z","timestamp":1675306644000},"page":"370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Novel Relapsing Fever Group Borrelia Isolated from Ornithodoros Ticks of the Brazilian Caatinga"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2426-6626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glauber M. B. de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva e Sa\u00fade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3547-6466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepci\u00f3n, Chill\u00e1n 3800708, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3133-8616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Santodomingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepci\u00f3n, Chill\u00e1n 3800708, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara C.","family":"Weck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva e Sa\u00fade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1127-0132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro A.","family":"Faccini-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute, Fundaci\u00f3n Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Bogot\u00e1 110110, Colombia"},{"name":"Servicios y Asesor\u00edas em Infectolog\u00eda, Bogot\u00e1 110110, Colombia"},{"name":"Servicio de Infectolog\u00eda, Hospital Militar Central, Bogot\u00e1 110110, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maur\u00edcio C.","family":"Horta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Doen\u00e7as Parasit\u00e1rias, Universidade Federal do Vale do S\u00e3o Francisco, Petrolina 48903-435, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9675-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo B.","family":"Labruna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva e Sa\u00fade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trevisan, G., Cinco, M., Trevisini, S., di Meo, N., Chersi, K., Ruscio, M., Forgione, P., and Bonin, S. 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