{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:56:49Z","timestamp":1787029009151,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSFC-Shanxi Coal-based Low Carbon Joint Fund of China","award":["U1910205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1910205"]}]},{"name":"NSFC-Shanxi Coal-based Low Carbon Joint Fund of China","award":["41872178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41872178"]}]},{"name":"NSFC-Shanxi Coal-based Low Carbon Joint Fund of China","award":["41772159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41772159"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U1910205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1910205"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41872178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41872178"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41772159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41772159"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To study the distribution features of microorganisms in distinct hydrological areas of the southern Qinshui Basin, C-N-S microorganisms were studied using 16S RNA sequencing, metagenome sequencing and geochemical technologies, showing the high sensitivity of microorganisms to the hydrodynamic dynamics of coal. The hydrodynamic intensity of the #3 coal gradually decreased from the runoff areas to the stagnant areas. The stagnant zones have higher reservoir pressure, methane content, \u03b413CDIC and TDS and lower SO42\u2212, Fe3+ and NO3\u2212 concentrations than the runoff areas. C-N-S-cycling microorganisms, including those engaged in methanogenesis, nitrate respiration, fermentation, nitrate reduction, dark oxidation of sulfur compounds, sulfate respiration, iron respiration, chlorate reduction, aromatic compound degradation, denitrification, ammonification and nitrogen fixation, were more abundant in the stagnant areas. The relative abundance of C-N-S functional genes, including genes related to C metabolism (e.g., mcr, mer, mtr,\u00a0fwd and mtd), N metabolism (e.g., nifDKH, nirK, narGHI, nosZ, amoB, norC and napAB) and sulfur metabolism (e.g., dsrAB and PAPSS), increased in the stagnant zones, indicating that there was active microbiological C-N-S cycling in the stagnant areas. The degradation and fermentation of terrestrial plant organic carbon and coal seam organic matter could provide substrates for methanogens, while nitrogen fixation and nitrification can provide nitrogen for methanogens, which are all favorable factors for stronger methanogenesis in stagnant areas. The coal in the study area is currently in the secondary biogenic gas generation stage because of the rising of the strata, which recharges atmospheric precipitation. The random forest model shows that the abundance of C-N-S microorganisms and genes could be used to distinguish different hydrological zones in coal reservoirs. Since stagnant zones are usually high-gas-bearing zones and high-production areas of CBM exploration, these microbiological indicators can be used as effective parameters to identify high-production-potential zones. In addition, nitrate respiration and sulfate respiration microorganisms consumed NO3\u2212 and SO42\u2212, causing a decrease in the content of these two ions in the stagnant areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T02:27:24Z","timestamp":1676600844000},"page":"497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Microbiome of High-Rank Coal Reservoirs in the High-Production Areas of the Southern Qinshui Basin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Lab of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Enrichment Mechanism, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"MOLR Key Lab of Shale Gas Resources Survey and Strategic Evaluation, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuheng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Lab of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Enrichment Mechanism, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"MOLR Key Lab of Shale Gas Resources Survey and Strategic Evaluation, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songhang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Lab of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Enrichment Mechanism, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"MOLR Key Lab of Shale Gas Resources Survey and Strategic Evaluation, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coal.2019.03.017","article-title":"Geochemical response of produced water in the CBM well group with multiple coal seams and its geological significance-A case study of the Songhe well group in Western Guizhou","volume":"207","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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