{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:54:47Z","timestamp":1760147687547,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Croatian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IP-2014-09-3788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2014-09-3788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to determine changes in the intestinal microbiota of children with Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) before and during exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) and after its discontinuation. A total of 14 newly diagnosed children with CD (median age 16.0 years; 43% female) were included in this study. Patients were initially treated with EEN and were followed for one year after EEN discontinuation. Stool samples were taken at the time of diagnosis (before EEN introduction), the second day of EEN, the last day of EEN, and every two months for one year after the discontinuation of EEN. A molecular approach targeting 16S ribosomal RNA was used for analysing the gut microbiota. No change was found in the Shannon diversity index before, during, and after EEN cessation (HhaI-digestion p = 0.82; MspI-digestion p = 0.87). According to the PCO, on the basis of the dissimilarity matrices of OTUs, a clear separation of patients at different time points, forming two clusters (before and during EEN as opposed to after EEN), was evident. No clear separation was noted between patients who achieved sustained remission as opposed to those who did not achieve sustained remission during EEN and at the follow-up. In conclusion, a distinct change in the microbiota composition already occurred after two months of EEN discontinuation and remained mostly unchanged over a year of follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T02:27:24Z","timestamp":1676600844000},"page":"505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Gut Microbiota Composition Changes following Discontinuation of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Children with Crohn\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5998-5586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Sila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Centre for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children\u2019s Hospital Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Jeli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Bacteriology, Hospital Infections and Sterilization, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7357-4510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Trivi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Centre for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children\u2019s Hospital Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6232-1465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjana","family":"Tambi\u0107 Andra\u0161evi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Bacteriology, Hospital Infections and Sterilization, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Kola\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Centre for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children\u2019s Hospital Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iva","family":"Hojsak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Referral Centre for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children\u2019s Hospital Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002908","article-title":"The Gut Microbiome and the Triple Environmental Hit Concept of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis","volume":"71","author":"Kellermayer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horwat, P., Kope\u0107, S., Garczyk, A., Kaliciak, I., Star\u0119ga, Z., Drogowski, K., Mardas, M., and Stelmach-Mardas, M. (2020). Influence of Enteral Nutrition on Gut Microbiota Composition in Patients with Crohn\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review. 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