{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:29:16Z","timestamp":1787066956844,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873782"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020020601012303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020020601012303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"2020 Wuhan medical research","award":["81873782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873782"]}]},{"name":"2020 Wuhan medical research","award":["82271278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271278"]}]},{"name":"2020 Wuhan medical research","award":["2020020601012303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020020601012303"]}]},{"name":"2022 Outstanding Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation","award":["81873782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873782"]}]},{"name":"2022 Outstanding Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation","award":["82271278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271278"]}]},{"name":"2022 Outstanding Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation","award":["2020020601012303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020020601012303"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For three years, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by infection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has completely changed our lifestyles and prepared us to live with this novel pneumonia for years to come. Given that pre-existing flu is caused by the influenza A virus, we have begun unprecedently co-coping with two different respiratory diseases at the same time. Hence, we draw a comparison between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus based on the general characteristics, especially the main variants\u2019 history and the distribution of the two viruses. SARS-CoV-2 appeared to mutate more frequently and independently of locations than the influenza A virus. Furthermore, we reviewed present clinical trials on combined management against COVID-19 and influenza in order to explore better solutions against both at the same time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T03:52:21Z","timestamp":1677469941000},"page":"580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 versus Influenza A Virus: Characteristics and Co-Treatments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9127-436X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanshu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1890-7597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mclean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1371-0522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nian","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.04.018","article-title":"The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review","volume":"78","author":"Nicola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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