{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:45:02Z","timestamp":1790667902950,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-54-80003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-54-80003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, a new Ch2 strain was isolated from soils polluted by agrochemical production wastes. This strain has a unique ability to utilize toxic synthetic compounds such as epsilon-caprolactam (CAP) as a sole carbon and energy source and the herbicide glyphosate (GP) as a sole source of phosphorus. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of Ch2 revealed that the strain belongs to the species Pseudomonas putida. This strain grew in the mineral medium containing CAP in a concentration range of 0.5 to 5.0 g\/L and utilized 6-aminohexanoic acid and adipic acid, which are the intermediate products of CAP catabolism. The ability of strain Ch2 to degrade CAP is determined by a conjugative megaplasmid that is 550 kb in size. When strain Ch2 is cultured in a mineral medium containing GP (500 mg\/L), more intensive utilization of the herbicide occurs in the phase of active growth. In the phase of declining growth, there is an accumulation of aminomethylphosphonic acid, which indicates that the C-N bond is the first site cleaved during GP degradation (glyphosate oxidoreductase pathway). Culture growth in the presence of GP during the early step of its degradation is accompanied by unique substrate-dependent changes in the cytoplasm, including the formation of vesicles of cytoplasmic membrane consisting of specific electron-dense content. There is a debate about whether these membrane formations are analogous to metabolosomes, where the primary degradation of the herbicide can take place. The studied strain is notable for its ability to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) when grown in mineral medium containing GP. At the beginning of the stationary growth phase, it was shown that, the amount and size of PHA inclusions in the cells drastically increased; they filled almost the entire volume of cell cytoplasm. The obtained results show that the strain P. putida Ch2 can be successfully used for the PHAs\u2019 production. Moreover, the ability of P. putida Ch2 to degrade CAP and GP determines the prospects of its application for the biological cleanup of CAP production wastes and in situ bioremediation of soil polluted with GP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T02:27:25Z","timestamp":1677810445000},"page":"650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Characterization of a New Pseudomonas Putida Strain Ch2, a Degrader of Toxic Anthropogenic Compounds Epsilon-Caprolactam and Glyphosate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tatiana Z.","family":"Esikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plasmid Biology, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Nauki 5, Pushchino, 142290 Pushchino, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7963-1379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana O.","family":"Anokhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plasmid Biology, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Nauki 5, Pushchino, 142290 Pushchino, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nataliya E.","family":"Suzina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cytology of Microorganisms, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Nauki 5, Pushchino, 142290 Pushchino, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana V.","family":"Shushkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbial Enzymology, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Nauki 5, Pushchino, 142290 Pushchino, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7502-4849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inna P.","family":"Solyanikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbial Enzymology, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Nauki 5, Pushchino, 142290 Pushchino, Russia"},{"name":"Regional Microbiological Center, Institute of Pharmacy, Chemistry and Biology, Belgorod National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, December 10). United States Environmental Protection Agency, Available online: https:\/\/www.epa.gov."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2023, February 01). List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature. Available online: https:\/\/lpsn.dsmz.de\/genus\/pseudomonas."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girard, L., Lood, C., H\u00f6fte, M., Vandamme, P., Rokni-Zadeh, H., van Noort, V., Lavigne, R., and De Mot, R. (2021). The ever-expanding Pseudomonas genus: Description of 43 new species and partition of the Pseudomonas putida group. 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