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Before they reach their deposition site, they experience stressful atmospheric conditions which preclude the successful dispersal of a large fraction of cells. In this study, our objectives were to assess and compare the atmospheric and lithospheric bacterial cultivable diversity of two geographically different Icelandic volcanic sites: the island Surtsey and the Fimmv\u00f6r\u00f0uh\u00e1ls mountain, to predict the origin of the culturable microbes from these sites, and to select airborne candidates for further investigation. Using a combination of MALDI Biotyper analysis and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a total of 1162 strains were identified, belonging to 72 species affiliated to 40 genera with potentially 26 new species. The most prevalent phyla identified were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between atmospheric and lithospheric microbial communities, with distinct communities in Surtsey\u2019s air. By combining the air mass back trajectories and the analysis of the closest representative species of our isolates, we concluded that 85% of our isolates came from the surrounding environments and only 15% from long distances. The taxonomic proportions of the isolates were reflected by the site\u2019s nature and location.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T02:30:45Z","timestamp":1678156245000},"page":"665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparison of Atmospheric and Lithospheric Culturable Bacterial Communities from Two Dissimilar Active Volcanic Sites, Surtsey Island and Fimmv\u00f6r\u00f0uh\u00e1ls Mountain in Iceland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Daussin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 113 Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland"},{"name":"MATIS, Department of Research and Innovation, 113 Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7747-8534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauline","family":"Vannier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MATIS, Department of Research and Innovation, 113 Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marine","family":"M\u00e9nager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Technology of Compi\u00e8gne, 60203 Compi\u00e8gne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lola","family":"Daboussy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Technology of Compi\u00e8gne, 60203 Compi\u00e8gne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3446-5813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina","family":"\u0160antl-Temkiv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Arctic Research Center, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"iCLIMATE Aarhus University Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Cockell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9YL Edinburgh, Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8340-821X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vigg\u00f3 \u00de\u00f3r","family":"Marteinsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 113 Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland"},{"name":"MATIS, Department of Research and Innovation, 113 Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland"},{"name":"Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, 311 Borgarnes, Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-020-1336-8","article-title":"The Source and Transport of Bioaerosols in the Air: A Review","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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