{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:56:57Z","timestamp":1789649817940,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018M642648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M642648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M2021-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M2021-17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021MC038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MC038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-1-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-1-25"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of the Microbial Technology Open Projects Fund","award":["2018M642648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M642648"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of the Microbial Technology Open Projects Fund","award":["M2021-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M2021-17"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of the Microbial Technology Open Projects Fund","award":["ZR2021MC038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MC038"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of the Microbial Technology Open Projects Fund","award":["2019-1-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-1-25"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018M642648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M642648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M2021-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M2021-17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021MC038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MC038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-1-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-1-25"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of the Jinan Municipal Health Commission","award":["2018M642648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M642648"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of the Jinan Municipal Health Commission","award":["M2021-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M2021-17"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of the Jinan Municipal Health Commission","award":["ZR2021MC038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MC038"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of the Jinan Municipal Health Commission","award":["2019-1-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-1-25"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gardnerella vaginalis is the main pathogen that causes bacterial vaginosis. In the healthy vaginal microecological environment of a woman, the lactobacilli produce lactate and hydrogen peroxide to inhibit the growth of pathogens such as G. vaginalis. The lack of lactobacilli results in a high pH and low hydrogen peroxide in the vagina which facilitate G. vaginalis growth, leading to the imbalance of the vaginal microecology. In this study, lactate and hydrogen peroxide were added to a G. vaginalis culture medium to simulate the co-culture of the lactobacilli and G. vaginalis, and then the genes related to the stress response of G. vaginalis were identified using transcriptomics and proteomics. It was indicated that, among all the upregulated genes, most of them encoded transporters associated with the efflux of harmful substances, and the majority of the downregulated genes were related to the biofilm formation and epithelial cell adhesion. This study may help find new drug targets for G. vaginalis for the development of novel therapies for bacterial vaginosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T02:33:16Z","timestamp":1678329196000},"page":"695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Gardnerella vaginalis Responding to Acidic pH and Hydrogen Peroxide Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kundi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2447-1523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongjie","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lichuan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00901-0","article-title":"The microbiota continuum along the female reproductive tract and its relation to uterine-related diseases","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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