{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:10:45Z","timestamp":1792005045745,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]],"date-time":"2023-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Innovation Fund of the Government of Alberta in conjunction with the University of Calgary AMR One Health Consortium","award":["FOS 10.13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOS 10.13"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005019","name":"Beef Cattle Research Council (BCRC) Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOS 10.13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOS 10.13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005019","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Genomics Research and Development Initiative (GRDI) of the Government of Canada","award":["FOS 10.13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOS 10.13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enterococci are Gram-positive bacteria that can be isolated from a variety of environments including soil, water, plants, and the intestinal tract of humans and animals. Although they are considered commensals in humans, Enterococcus spp. are important opportunistic pathogens. Due to their presence and persistence in diverse environments, Enterococcus spp. are ideal for studying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from the One Health perspective. We undertook a comparative genomic analysis of the virulome, resistome, mobilome, and the association between the resistome and mobilome of 246 E. faecium and 376 E. faecalis recovered from livestock (swine, beef cattle, poultry, dairy cattle), human clinical samples, municipal wastewater, and environmental sources. Comparative genomics of E. faecium and E. faecalis identified 31 and 34 different antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), with 62% and 68% of the isolates having plasmid-associated ARGs, respectively. Across the One Health continuum, tetracycline (tetL and tetM) and macrolide resistance (ermB) were commonly identified in E. faecium and E. faecalis. These ARGs were frequently associated with mobile genetic elements along with other ARGs conferring resistance against aminoglycosides [ant(6)-la, aph(3\u2032)-IIIa], lincosamides [lnuG, lsaE], and streptogramins (sat4). Study of the core E. faecium genome identified two main clades, clade \u2018A\u2019 and \u2018B\u2019, with clade A isolates primarily originating from humans and municipal wastewater and carrying more virulence genes and ARGs related to category I antimicrobials. Overall, despite differences in antimicrobial usage across the continuum, tetracycline and macrolide resistance genes persisted in all sectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T06:09:56Z","timestamp":1678687796000},"page":"727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Comparative Genomic Analysis of Enterococci across Sectors of the One Health Continuum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sani-e-Zehra","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3307-4666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahat","family":"Zaheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8258-5676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Poulin-Laprade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 1Z3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2062-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Attiq","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2966-345X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moussa","family":"Diarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Topp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary Van","family":"Domselaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Zovoilis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8266-6513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim A.","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-021-00184-y","article-title":"Threats of antibiotic resistance: An obliged reappraisal","volume":"24","author":"Baquero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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