{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:09:03Z","timestamp":1792130943734,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The high frequency of bacterial infections represents a major threat to public health. In developing countries, they are still responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric populations with sickle cell disease, particularly in children under 5 years of age. Indeed, they have an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections due to their immune deficiency. This susceptibility is even greater for pneumococcal and salmonella infections. In addition, the underdevelopment of some countries and socio-economic factors increases this condition. This review examines the common and specific factors leading to infections in people with sickle cell disease in different types of developed and undeveloped countries. The threat of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by S. pneumoniae and Salmonella, is of increasing concern due to the rise in bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In light of this disturbing data, new strategies to control and prevent these infections are needed. Solutions could be systematic penicillin therapy, vaccinations, and probabilistic antibiotic therapy protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11040859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T02:58:21Z","timestamp":1679972301000},"page":"859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Bacterial Infection in the Sickle Cell Population: Development and Enabling Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7522-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucr\u00e8ce M.","family":"D\u00e9licat-Loembet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sciences and Techniques of Masuku (USTM), Franceville BP 901, Gabon"},{"name":"NGO Sickle Cell Disease Organization of Gabon, Moanda 27\/28, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Ag","family":"Bara\u00efka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sickle Cell Disease Research and Control Center (CRLD), Bamako 03 BP 186, Mali"},{"name":"National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flabou","family":"Bougoudogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Bamako, Mali"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako BP E2528, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dapa A.","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sickle Cell Disease Research and Control Center (CRLD), Bamako 03 BP 186, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modell, B., and Darlison, M. 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