{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:39:00Z","timestamp":1790293140307,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2300800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300800"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2300803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300803"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2300804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300804"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFF0702403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFF0702403"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technical Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["2021YFC2300800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300800"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technical Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["2021YFC2300803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300803"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technical Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["2021YFC2300804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300804"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technical Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["2021YFF0702403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFF0702403"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The prevalence and infectious intensity of schistosomiasis japonica has decreased significantly in China in the past few decades. However, more accurate and sensitive diagnostic methods are urgently required for the further control, surveillance, and final elimination of the disease. In this study, we assessed the diagnostic efficacy of a real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) method and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with a lateral-flow dipstick (LFD) assay for detecting early infections of Schistosoma japonicum and different infection intensities. The sensitivity of the qPCR at 40 days post-infection (dpi) was 100% (8\/8) in mice infected with 40 cercariae, which was higher than in mice infected with 10 cercariae (90%, 9\/10) or five cercariae (77.8%, 7\/9). The results of the RPA\u2013LFD assays were similar, with sensitivities of 55.6% (5\/9), 80% (8\/10), and 100% (8\/8) in mice infected with 5, 10, and 40 cercariae, respectively. In goats, both the qPCR and RPA\u2013LFD assays showed 100% (8\/8) sensitivity at 56 dpi. In the early detection of S. japonicum infection in mice and goats with qPCR, the first peak in positivity appeared at 3\u20134 dpi, when the positivity rate exceeded 40%, even in the low infection, intensity mice. In the RPA\u2013LFD assays, positive results first peaked at 4\u20135 dpi in the mice, and the positivity rate was 37.5% in the goats at 1 dpi. In conclusion, neither of the molecular methods produced exceptional results for the early diagnosis of S. japonicum infection. However, they were useful methods for the regular diagnosis of schistosomiasis in mice and goats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11041059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T01:09:22Z","timestamp":1681866562000},"page":"1059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Two Molecular Plasma-Based Diagnostic Methods to Evaluate Early Infection of Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosomiasis Japonica"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China (NHC), World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerou","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhizhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China (NHC), World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3765-0248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Hu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China (NHC), World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of 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