{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T10:09:20Z","timestamp":1767866960759,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan","award":["NMRPG3H0011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRPG3H0011"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan","award":["MOST 107-2314-B-182A-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107-2314-B-182A-005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Candida parapsilosis is the most common non-albicans candida species that causes invasive candidiasis, but little is known about its impacts on the outcomes of pediatric patients. We aimed to characterize the clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of C. parapsilosis bloodstream infections (BSIs) in children. Methods: All pediatric patients with Candida\u00a0parapsilosis BSIs between 2005 and 2020 from a medical center in Taiwan were enrolled and analyzed. The antifungal susceptibility, clinical manifestations, management and outcomes were investigated. Cases of Candida parapsilosis BSIs were compared between patients with C. albicans BSIs and other Candida spp. BSIs. Results: During the study period, 95 episodes (26.0% of total cases) of Candida parapsilosis BSIs were identified and analyzed. No significant difference was found between pediatric patients with C. parapsilosis BSIs and those with C. albicans BSIs in terms of patients\u2019 demographics, most chronic comorbidities or risk factors. Pediatric patients with C. parapsilosis BSIs were significantly more likely to have previous azole exposure and be on total parenteral nutrition than those with C. albicans BSIs (17.9 vs. 7.6% and 76.8 vs. 63.7%, p = 0.015 and 0.029, respectively). The duration of C. parapsilosis candidemia was relatively longer, and therefore patients often required a longer duration of antifungal treatment when compared with those of C. albicans candidemia, although the candidemia-attributable mortality rates were comparable. Of the C. parapsilosis isolates, 93.7% were susceptible to all antifungal agents, and delayed appropriate antifungal treatment was an independent factor in treatment failure. Conclusions: Pediatric patients with C. parapsilosis BSIs were more likely to have previous azole exposure and be on total parenteral nutrition, and the clinical significances included a longer duration of candidemia and patients often required a longer duration of antifungal treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11051149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T04:36:15Z","timestamp":1682656575000},"page":"1149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Invasive Candida parapsilosis Bloodstream Infections in Children: The Antifungal Susceptibility, Clinical Characteristics and Impacts on Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yao-Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0798-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jen-Fu","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Ju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6824-0372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shao-Hung","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 613, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih-Ming","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsuan-Rong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng-Hong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren-Huei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0343-2370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Horng","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin 638, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-021-00441-y","article-title":"Epidemiology, species distribution, and outcome of nosocomial Candida spp. bloodstream infection in Shanghai: An 11-year retrospective analysis in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"20","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. 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