{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T06:32:41Z","timestamp":1778049161658,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie","award":["ULR3610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ULR3610"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","award":["ULR3610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ULR3610"]}]},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Lille","award":["ULR3610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ULR3610"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Viral infections have been suspected of being involved in the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases for many years. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family, is thought to be associated with the onset and\/or the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome and type 1 diabetes. The lifecycle of EBV consists of lytic cycles and latency programmes (0, I, II and III) occurring in infected B-cells. During this lifecycle, viral proteins and miRNAs are produced. This review provides an overview of the detection of EBV infection, focusing on markers of latency and lytic phases in MS. In MS patients, the presence of latency proteins and antibodies has been associated with lesions and dysfunctions of the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, miRNAs, expressed during lytic and latency phases, may be detected in the CNS of MS patients. Lytic reactivations of EBV can occur in the CNS of patients as well, with the presence of lytic proteins and T-cells reacting to this protein in the CNS of MS patients. In conclusion, markers of EBV infection can be found in MS patients, which argues in favour of a relationship between EBV and MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11051262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T03:22:19Z","timestamp":1683775339000},"page":"1262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Markers of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5522-4296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyril","family":"Debuysschere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2981-0803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magloire Pandoua","family":"Nekoua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4301-2074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Didier","family":"Hober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, May 03). 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