{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T20:13:51Z","timestamp":1774296831868,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Impact Acceleration Account","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/X525820\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X525820\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research\/University of Diyal","award":["EP\/X525820\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X525820\/1"]}]},{"name":"Republic of Turkey Minister of National Education","award":["EP\/X525820\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X525820\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. There is no recommended vaccine to protect against infection. In this study, transgenic Leishmania tarentolae expressing gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase (\u03b3GCS) from three pathogenic species were produced and their ability to protect against infection determined using models of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. The ability of IL-2-producing PODS\u00ae to act as an adjuvant was also determined in L. donovani studies. Two doses of the live vaccine caused a significant reduction in L. major (p &lt; 0.001) and L. donovani (p &lt; 0.05) parasite burdens compared to their respective controls. In contrast, immunisation with wild type L. tarentolae, using the same immunisation protocol, had no effect on parasite burdens compared to infection controls. Joint treatment with IL-2-producing PODS\u00ae enhanced the protective effect of the live vaccine in L. donovani studies. Protection was associated with a Th1 response in L. major and a mixed Th1\/Th2 response in L. donovani, based on specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibody and cytokine production from in vitro proliferation assays using antigen-stimulated splenocytes. The results of this study provide further proof that \u03b3GCS should be considered a candidate vaccine for leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11051322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T06:00:29Z","timestamp":1684389629000},"page":"1322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Immunisation with Transgenic L. tarentolae Expressing Gamma Glutamyl Cysteine Synthetase from Pathogenic Leishmania Species Protected against L. major and L. donovani Infection in a Murine Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1526-5445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derya","family":"Topuz Ata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muattaz","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Guidance Systems, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Guidance Systems, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Wiese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2507-1844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharine Christine","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174436","article-title":"Advancement in leishmaniasis diagnosis and therapeutics: An update","volume":"910","author":"Kumari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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