{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:49:22Z","timestamp":1788544162024,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"FAPERJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E26\/201.360\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E26\/201.360\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"FAPERJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E26\/210.100\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E26\/210.100\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"FAPERJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26\/200.975\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/200.975\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"FAPERJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312416\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312416\/2021-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E26\/201.360\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E26\/201.360\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E26\/210.100\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E26\/210.100\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26\/200.975\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/200.975\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312416\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312416\/2021-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CAPES","award":["E26\/201.360\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E26\/201.360\/2022"]}]},{"name":"CAPES","award":["E26\/210.100\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E26\/210.100\/2022"]}]},{"name":"CAPES","award":["E-26\/200.975\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/200.975\/2022"]}]},{"name":"CAPES","award":["312416\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312416\/2021-0"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","award":["E26\/201.360\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E26\/201.360\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","award":["E26\/210.100\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E26\/210.100\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","award":["E-26\/200.975\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/200.975\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","award":["312416\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312416\/2021-0"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian Ministry of Health","award":["E26\/201.360\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E26\/201.360\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian Ministry of Health","award":["E26\/210.100\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E26\/210.100\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian Ministry of Health","award":["E-26\/200.975\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/200.975\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian Ministry of Health","award":["312416\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312416\/2021-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza A virus (IAV) infection affects the human respiratory tract, causing an acute and highly contagious disease. Individuals with comorbidities and in the extremes of age are classified as risk groups for serious clinical outcomes. However, part of the severe infections and fatalities are observed among young healthy individuals. Noteworthy, influenza infections lack specific prognostic biomarkers that would predict the disease severity. Osteopontin (OPN) has been proposed as a biomarker in a few human malignancies and its differential modulation has been observed during viral infections. However, OPN expression levels in the primary site of IAV infection have not been previously investigated. Therefore, we evaluated the transcriptional expression patterns of total OPN (tOPN) and its splicing isoforms (OPNa, OPNb, OPNc, OPN4, and OPN5) in 176 respiratory secretion samples collected from human influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases and a group of 65 IAV-negative controls. IAV samples were differentially classified according to their disease severity. tOPN was more frequently detected in IAV samples (34.1%) when compared with the negative controls (18.5%) (p &lt; 0.05), as well as in fatal (59.1%) versus non-fatal IAV samples (30.5%) (p &lt; 0.01). OPN4 splice variant transcript was more prevalent in IAV cases (78.4%) than in the negative controls (66.1%) (p = 0.05) and in severe cases (85.7%) in relation to the non-severe ones (69.2%) (p &lt; 0.01). OPN4 detection was also associated with severity symptoms such as dyspnea (p &lt; 0.05), respiratory failure (p &lt; 0.05), and oxygen saturation &lt; 95% (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, the OPN4 expression level was increased in the fatal cases of respiratory samples. Our data indicated that tOPN and OPN4 had a more pronounced expression pattern in IAV respiratory samples, pointing to the potential use of these molecules as biomarkers to evaluate disease outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11051349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T01:31:46Z","timestamp":1684719106000},"page":"1349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Total Osteopontin and Its Isoform OPN4 Are Differently Expressed in Respiratory Samples during Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Infection and Progression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9ssica Santa Cruz de Carvalho","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus Respirat\u00f3rios, Exantem\u00e1ticos, Enterov\u00edrus e Emerg\u00eancias Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz. Av. Leopoldo Bulh\u00f5es, Manguinhos, 1480, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago das Chagas","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus Respirat\u00f3rios, Exantem\u00e1ticos, Enterov\u00edrus e Emerg\u00eancias Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz. Av. Leopoldo Bulh\u00f5es, Manguinhos, 1480, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2472-5263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria de Lourdes de Aguiar","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus Respirat\u00f3rios, Exantem\u00e1ticos, Enterov\u00edrus e Emerg\u00eancias Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz. Av. Leopoldo Bulh\u00f5es, Manguinhos, 1480, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etel Rodrigues Pereira","family":"Gimba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de C\u00e2ncer, Pra\u00e7a da Cruz Vermelha, 23, andar 6, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o Stricto Sensu em Oncologia, Instituto Nacional de C\u00e2ncer, Rua Andr\u00e9 Cavalcanti, 37, andar 3, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biom\u00e9dico, Av. Prof. Hernani Melo, 101, Niter\u00f3i 24210-130, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Natureza, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Recife 1-7, Bela Vista, Rio das Ostras 28880-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilda Mendon\u00e7a","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus Respirat\u00f3rios, Exantem\u00e1ticos, Enterov\u00edrus e Emerg\u00eancias Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz. Av. Leopoldo Bulh\u00f5es, Manguinhos, 1480, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7763-2127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline da Rocha","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus Respirat\u00f3rios, Exantem\u00e1ticos, Enterov\u00edrus e Emerg\u00eancias Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz. Av. Leopoldo Bulh\u00f5es, Manguinhos, 1480, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33293-2","article-title":"Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: A modelling study HHS Public Access","volume":"391","author":"Roguski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2019). Global Influenza Strategy 2019\u20132030."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Helth Organization (2019, July 02). Influenza (Seasonal). 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