{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T17:00:54Z","timestamp":1774976454000,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University","award":["START 108\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["START 108\/17"]}]},{"name":"University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University","award":["#80-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#80-17"]}]},{"name":"University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University","award":["01EW1906A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EW1906A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019916","name":"Swiss Anorexia Nervosa Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["START 108\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["START 108\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019916","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019916","name":"Swiss Anorexia Nervosa Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#80-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#80-17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019916","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019916","name":"Swiss Anorexia Nervosa Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01EW1906A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EW1906A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019916","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","award":["START 108\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["START 108\/17"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","award":["#80-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#80-17"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","award":["01EW1906A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EW1906A"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["START 108\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["START 108\/17"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["#80-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#80-17"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["01EW1906A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EW1906A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe and often chronic eating disorder that leads to alterations in the gut microbiome, which is known to influence several processes, such as appetite and body weight regulation, metabolism, gut permeability, inflammation, and gut\u2013brain interactions. Using a translational activity-based anorexia (ABA) rat model, this study examined the effect of chronic food starvation, as well as multistrain probiotic supplementation and refeeding, on the structure of the gut and gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT). Our results indicated that ABA had an atrophic influence on intestinal morphology and increased the formation of GALT in the small bowel and colon. Higher formation of GALT in ABA rats appeared to be reversible upon application of a multistrain probiotic mixture and refeeding of the starved animals. This is the first time that increased GALT was found following starvation in the ABA model. Our results underscore a potential role of gut inflammatory alterations in the underlying pathophysiology of AN. Increased GALT could be linked to the gut microbiome, as probiotics were able to reverse this finding. These results emphasize the role of the microbiome\u2013gut\u2013brain axis in the pathomechanisms of AN and point to probiotics as potentially beneficial addendum in the treatment of AN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T16:10:53Z","timestamp":1685203853000},"page":"1411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Gut-Associated Lymphatic Tissue in Food-Restricted Rats: Influence of Refeeding and Probiotic Supplementation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Trinh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"K\u00e4ver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Schl\u00f6sser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Kogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3090-6682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Voelz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3926-2553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cordian","family":"Beyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0110-7980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jochen","family":"Seitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2014.08.003","article-title":"Adolescent eating disorders: Update on definitions, symptomatology, epidemiology, and comorbidity","volume":"24","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. 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