{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T11:05:44Z","timestamp":1780657544645,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","award":["PSAU\/2023\/R\/1444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2023\/R\/1444"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is known to be associated with resistance to practically all known antibiotics. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, laboratory-based analytical study in which 200 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were involved. The DNA of the most resistant isolate was extracted and its whole genome was sequenced, assembled, annotated, and announced, strain typing was ascribed, and it was subjected to comparative genomic analysis with two susceptible strains. The rate of resistance was 77.89%, 25.13%, 21.61%, 18.09%, 5.53%, and 4.52% for piperacillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, meropenem, and polymyxin B, respectively. Eighteen percent (36) of the tested isolates exhibited a MDR phenotype. The most MDR strain belonged to epidemic sequence type 235. Comparative genomic analysis of the MDR strain (GenBank: MVDK00000000) with two susceptible strains revealed that the core genes were shared by the three genomes but there were accessory genes that were strain-specific, and this MDR genome had a low CG% (64.6%) content. A prophage sequence and one plasmid were detected in the MDR genome, but amazingly, it contained no resistant genes for drugs with antipseudomonal activity and there was no resistant island. In addition, 67 resistant genes were detected, 19 of them were found only in the MDR genome and 48 genes were efflux pumps, and a novel deleterious point mutation (D87G) was detected in the gyrA gene. The novel deleterious mutation in the gyrA gene (D87G) is a known position behind quinolone resistance. Our findings emphasize the importance of adoption of infection control strategies to prevent dissemination of MDR isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T07:49:23Z","timestamp":1685346563000},"page":"1432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparative Genomic Analysis of Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sequence Type 235 Isolated from Sudan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1487-2005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa, Khartoum P.O. Box 2469, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8751-4159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malik Suliman","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2635-9383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisham N.","family":"Altayb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5472-1151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Osman","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa, Khartoum P.O. Box 2469, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4081-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Ashour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wadah","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa E.","family":"Sherif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kholoud F.","family":"Ghazawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samar F.","family":"Miski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 30078, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6858-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrin R. M.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2971-6008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamal A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikhlas A.","family":"Sindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad A.","family":"Alshamrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard\u2013Health Affairs, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6790-5849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelaziz","family":"Elgaml","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta 34511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00039","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lifestyle: A Paradigm for Adaptation, Survival, and Persistence","volume":"7","author":"Moradali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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