{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T06:18:22Z","timestamp":1764829102937,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PAEF-IOC","award":["008-F10\u201322-2-49","e-26\/211-707\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["008-F10\u201322-2-49","e-26\/211-707\/2021"]}]},{"name":"APQ1","award":["008-F10\u201322-2-49","e-26\/211-707\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["008-F10\u201322-2-49","e-26\/211-707\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis can either respond well or poorly to the treatment or heal spontaneously; It seems to be dependent on the parasite and\/or host factors, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. We evaluated the in situ immune response in eighty-two active lesions from fifty-eight patients prior to treatment classified as early spontaneous regression (SRL-n = 14); treatment responders (GRL-n = 20); and non-responders (before first treatment\/relapse, PRL1\/PRL2-n = 24 each). Immunohistochemistry was used to identify cell\/functional markers which were correlated with the clinical characteristics. PRL showed significant differences in lesion number\/size, clinical evolution, and positive parasitological examinations when compared with the other groups. SRL presented a more efficient immune response than GRL and PRL, with higher IFN-\u03b3\/NOS2 and a lower percentage of macrophages, neutrophils, NK, B cells, and Ki-67+ cells. Compared to SRL, PRL had fewer CD4+ Tcells and more CD163+ macrophages. PRL1 had more CD68+ macrophages and Ki-67+ cells but less IFN-\u03b3 than GRL. PRL present a less efficient immune profile, which could explain the poor treatment response, while SRL had a more balanced immune response profile for lesion healing. Altogether, these evaluations suggest a differentiated profile of the organization of the inflammatory process for lesions of different tegumentary leishmaniasis evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11071631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T01:54:56Z","timestamp":1687485296000},"page":"1631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Is There Any Difference in the In Situ Immune Response in Active Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis That Respond Well or Poorly to Meglumine Antimoniate Treatment or Spontaneously Heal?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9ssica","family":"Leite-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Oliveira-Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Oncological Dermatology\u2014National Institute of Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20570-120, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7188-251X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Nazar\u00e9","family":"Morgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria In\u00eas Fernandes","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis (LAPCLIN VIGILEISH) National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI), Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Rosandiski","family":"Lyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis (LAPCLIN VIGILEISH) National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI), Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Fagundes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis (LAPCLIN VIGILEISH) National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI), Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1695-1922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana Freitas Campos","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis (LAPCLIN VIGILEISH) National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI), Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia Maria","family":"Valete-Rosalino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis (LAPCLIN VIGILEISH) National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI), Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armando Oliveira","family":"Schubach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis (LAPCLIN VIGILEISH) National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI), Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0114-5001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"PAHO (2019). 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