{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T02:33:27Z","timestamp":1787625207026,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Postgrado, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile","award":["1230750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230750"]}]},{"name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Postgrado, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile","award":["ID22I10211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID22I10211"]}]},{"name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Postgrado, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile","award":["1230809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230809"]}]},{"name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Postgrado, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile","award":["11200209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11200209"]}]},{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["1230750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230750"]}]},{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["ID22I10211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID22I10211"]}]},{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["1230809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230809"]}]},{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["11200209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11200209"]}]},{"name":"ANID Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Aplicada FONDEF","award":["1230750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230750"]}]},{"name":"ANID Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Aplicada FONDEF","award":["ID22I10211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID22I10211"]}]},{"name":"ANID Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Aplicada FONDEF","award":["1230809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230809"]}]},{"name":"ANID Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Aplicada FONDEF","award":["11200209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11200209"]}]},{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["1230750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230750"]}]},{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["ID22I10211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID22I10211"]}]},{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["1230809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230809"]}]},{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["11200209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11200209"]}]},{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["1230750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230750"]}]},{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["ID22I10211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID22I10211"]}]},{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["1230809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230809"]}]},{"name":"ANID FONDECYT","award":["11200209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11200209"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The respiratory microbiome is dynamic, varying between anatomical niches, and it is affected by various host and environmental factors, one of which is lifestyle. Few studies have characterized the upper respiratory tract microbiome profile according to lifestyle. We explored the association between lifestyles and microbiota profiles in the upper respiratory tract of healthy adults. Methods: We analyzed nasal samples from 110 healthy adults who were living in Santiago, Chile, using 16S ribosomal RNA gene-sequencing methods. Volunteers completed a structured questionnaire about lifestyle. Results: The composition and abundance of taxonomic groups varied across lifestyle attributes. Additionally, multivariate models suggested that alpha diversity varied in the function of physical activity, nutritional status, smoking, and the interaction between nutritional status and smoking, although the significant impact of those variables varied between women and men. Although physical activity and nutritional status were significantly associated with all indexes of alpha diversity among women, the diversity of microbiota among men was associated with smoking and the interaction between nutritional status and smoking. Conclusions: The alpha diversity of nasal microbiota is associated with lifestyle attributes, but these associations depend on sex and nutritional status. Our results suggest that future studies of the airway microbiome may provide a better resolution if data are stratified for differences in sex and nutritional status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11071635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T01:54:56Z","timestamp":1687485296000},"page":"1635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Microbiota Profile of the Nasal Cavity According to Lifestyles in Healthy Adults in Santiago, Chile"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2563-9711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Toro-Ascuy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan P.","family":"C\u00e1rdenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Gen\u00f3mica y Bioinform\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile"},{"name":"Escuela de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Zorondo-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gesti\u00f3n Agraria, Facultad Tecnol\u00f3gica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damariz","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Gen\u00f3mica y Bioinform\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8745-7916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn","family":"Silva-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Puebla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia","family":"Nunez-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Reyes-Cerpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Gen\u00f3mica y Bioinform\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile"},{"name":"Escuela de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loreto F.","family":"Fuenzalida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-014-0466-0","article-title":"Microbiome diversity and asthma and allergy risk","volume":"14","author":"Legatzki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. 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