{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T04:50:14Z","timestamp":1779166214837,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mar\u00eda Zambrano Program fund from the European Union-Spain"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Legionellosis is a respiratory disease of bacterial and environmental origin that usually presents two distinct clinical entities, \u201cLegionnaires\u2019 disease\u201d (LD) and \u201cPontiac fever\u201d. LD is an important cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of legionellosis-associated hospitalization (L-AH) in Spain from 2002 to 2021 and the burden of hospitalization due to legionellosis. Discharge reports from the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) were used to retrospectively analyze hospital discharge data with a diagnosis of legionellosis, based on the ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes, from 2002 to 2021. 21,300 L-AH occurred throughout the year during 2002\u20132021. The incidence of hospitalization associated per 100,000 inhabitants by month showed a similar trend for the 2002\u20132011, 2012\u20132021, and 2002\u20132021 periods. In Spain, during 2002\u20132021, the hospitalization rate (HR) in the autonomous communities ranged from 4.57 (2002\u20132011) to 0.24 (2012\u20132021) cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The HR of legionellosis in Spain has substantially increased across the 2002\u20132021 period, and the estimate is consistent with available European data. It is considered that in-depth epidemiological surveillance studies of legionellosis and improvements in the prevention and control of the disease are required in Spain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11071693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:49:47Z","timestamp":1687999787000},"page":"1693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Legionellosis-Associated Hospitalization in Spain from 2002 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7123-6251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Gea-Izquierdo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Mar\u00eda Zambrano Program, European Union, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5229-3832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Gil-Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valent\u00edn","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Barrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8370-6003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gil","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Caravaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Universitario Fundaci\u00f3n Alcorc\u00f3n, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1295-7101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Gil-de-Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e835","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00231-2","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis of Legionnaires\u2019 disease in Scotland: A genomic study","volume":"3","author":"Gorzynski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70713-3","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical management of Legionnaires\u2019 disease","volume":"14","author":"Phin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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