{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:56:30Z","timestamp":1787028990573,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Operational Programme \u201cCompetitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation\u201d","award":["MIS 5047235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIS 5047235"]}]},{"name":"Greece and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund)","award":["MIS 5047235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIS 5047235"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with an innovative silage (IS) created using 60% olive mill waste, 20% grape pomace, and 20% deproteinised feta cheese waste solids can modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota in weaned (Exp. 1) and finishing (Exp. 2) pigs. In Exp. 1 (40 day supplementation), forty-five crossbred weaned pigs were randomly assigned to the 0% (Control), 5%, or 10% IS groups (15 replicates\/experimental diet). In Exp. 2 (60 day supplementation), eighteen finishing pigs from Exp. 1 were fed the control diet for 8 weeks before being re-assigned to their original experimental groups and fed with the 0% (Control), 5%, or 10% IS diets (six replicates\/experimental diet). Performance parameters were recorded. Ileal and caecal digesta and mucosa were collected at the end of each experiment for microbiota analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (five pigs\/experimental diet for Exp. 1 and six pigs\/experimental diet for Exp. 2). No significant effects on pig growth parameters were observed in both experiments. In Exp. 1, 5% IS supplementation increased the relative abundance of the Prevotellaceae family, Coprococcus genus, and Alloprevotella rava (OTU_48) and reduced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus genus in the caecum compared to the control and\/or 10% IS diets (p &lt; 0.05). In Exp. 2, 5% IS supplementation led to compositionally more diverse and different ileal and caecal microbiota compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05; p = 0.066 for \u03b2-diversity in ileum). Supplementation with the 5% IS increased the relative abundance of Clostridium celatum\/disporicum\/saudiense (OTU_3) in the ileum and caecum and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (OTU_17) in the caecum and reduced the relative abundance of Streptococcus gallolyticus\/alactolyticus (OTU_2) in the caecum compared to the control diet (p &lt; 0.05). Similar effects on C. celatum\/disporicum\/saudiense and S. gallolyticus\/alactolyticus were observed with the 10% IS diet in the caecum (p &lt; 0.05). IS has the potential to beneficially alter the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota in pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11071723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T16:08:32Z","timestamp":1688141312000},"page":"1723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Use of an Innovative Silage of Agro-Industrial Waste By-Products in Pig Nutrition: A Pilot Study of Its Effects on the Pig Gastrointestinal Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Skoufos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Nelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigkita","family":"Venardou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9337-4033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilias","family":"Lagkouvardos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3145-3734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilias","family":"Giannenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Magklaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Zacharis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meritech (Asia Pacific) Biotech Pte Ltd., Singapore 079903, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9496-6276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Gouva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stylianos","family":"Skoufos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8166-564X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleftherios","family":"Bonos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2615-7068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athina","family":"Tzora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAOSTAT (2023, March 01). 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