{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:48:12Z","timestamp":1792788492627,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]],"date-time":"2023-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pervasive and persistent threat that requires the development of novel therapies or adjuvants for existing ones. Aptamers, small single-stranded oligonucleotides that form 3D structures and can bind to target molecules, provide one possible therapeutic route, especially when presented in combination with current antibiotic applications. BALB\/c \u03b1-1, 3-galactosyltransferase (\u2212\/\u2212) knockout (GTKO) mice were infected with MRSA via tail vein IV and subsequently treated with the \u03b1SA31 aptamer (n = 4), vancomycin (n = 12), or \u03b1SA31 plus vancomycin (n = 12), with split doses in the morning and evening. The heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys were harvested upon necropsy for histological and qPCR analysis. All mice treated with \u03b1SA31 alone died, whereas 5\/12 mice treated with vancomycin alone and 7\/12 mice treated with vancomycin plus \u03b1SA31 survived the course of the experiment. The treatment of MRSA-infected mice with Vancomycin and an adjuvant aptamer \u03b1SA31 reduced disease persistence and dispersion as compared to treatment with either vancomycin SA31 alone, indicating the combination of antibiotic and specifically targeted \u03b1SA31 aptamer could be a novel way to control MRSA infection. The data further indicate that aptamers may serve as a potential therapeutic option for other emerging antibiotic resistant pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11071776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:45:37Z","timestamp":1688949937000},"page":"1776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Alpha-Gal Bound Aptamer and Vancomycin Synergistically Reduce Staphylococcus aureus Infection In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Matthew K.","family":"Doherty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Reproduction, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0138-9201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Reproduction, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7471-1978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart C.","family":"Weimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Reproduction, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01289","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus Population Structure and Genomic Profiles in Asymptomatic Carriers in Switzerland","volume":"11","author":"Etter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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