{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:44:21Z","timestamp":1788281061810,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]],"date-time":"2023-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences","award":["GLD16\/00133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLD16\/00133"]}]},{"name":"Gilead Sciences","award":["RD06\/006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD06\/006"]}]},{"name":"Gilead Sciences","award":["RD12\/0017\/0018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD12\/0017\/0018"]}]},{"name":"Gilead Sciences","award":["RD16\/0002\/0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0002\/0006"]}]},{"name":"Gilead Sciences","award":["RD12\/0017\/0037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD12\/0017\/0037"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["GLD16\/00133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLD16\/00133"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["RD06\/006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD06\/006"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["RD12\/0017\/0018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD12\/0017\/0018"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["RD16\/0002\/0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0002\/0006"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["RD12\/0017\/0037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD12\/0017\/0037"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated whether blood telomere length (TL), epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), and soluble inflammatory monocyte cytokines are associated with cardiovascular events or diabetes (DM) in people living with HIV (PLHIV). This was a case\u2013control study nested in the Spanish HIV\/AIDS Cohort (CoRIS). Cases with myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden death, or diabetes after starting antiretroviral therapy were included with the available samples and controls matched for sex, age, tobacco use, pre-ART CD4 cell count, viral load, and sample time-point. TL (T\/S ratio) was analysed by quantitative PCR and EAA with DNA methylation changes by next-generation sequencing using the Weidner formula. Conditional logistic regression was used to explore the association with cardiometabolic events. In total, 180 participants (94 cases (22 myocardial infarction\/sudden death, 12 strokes, and 60 DM) and 94 controls) were included. Of these, 84% were male, median (IQR) age 46 years (40\u201356), 53% were current smokers, and 22% had CD4 count \u2264 200 cells\/mm3 and a median (IQR) log viral load of 4.52 (3.77\u20135.09). TL and EAA were similar in the cases and controls. There were no significant associations between TL, EAA, and monocyte cytokines with cardiometabolic events. TL and EAA were mildly negatively correlated with sCD14 (rho = \u22120.23; p = 0.01) and CCL2\/MCP-1 (rho = \u22120.17; p = 0.02). We found no associations between TL, EAA, and monocyte cytokines with cardiovascular events or diabetes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the clinical value of epigenetic biomarkers and TL in PLHIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11071818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:41:05Z","timestamp":1689554465000},"page":"1818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Monocyte Activation and Ageing Biomarkers in the Development of Cardiovascular Ischaemic Events or Diabetes in People with HIV"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3501-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose I.","family":"Bernardino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de VIH, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFECC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belen","family":"Alejos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Epidemiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8137-2225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Rodriguez-Centeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERINFECC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"HIV\/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Esteban-Cantos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERINFECC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"HIV\/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Mora-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERINFECC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"HIV\/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Montejano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de VIH, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFECC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2749-818X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"De Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de VIH, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFECC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3432-5394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Montero-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario y Polit\u00e9cnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9441-8031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oskar","family":"Ayerdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, IdiSSSC, 28010 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, VHIR, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose R.","family":"Arribas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de VIH, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFECC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6037-0105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berta","family":"Rod\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERINFECC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"HIV\/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.033369","article-title":"Global Burden of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in People Living with HIV","volume":"138","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.3728","article-title":"HIV Infection and the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction","volume":"173","author":"Freiberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. 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Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/11\/7\/1818\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:12:50Z","timestamp":1760127170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/11\/7\/1818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms11071818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11071818","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]]}}}