{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T22:06:47Z","timestamp":1785190007825,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]],"date-time":"2023-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia to the Institute for Medical Research","award":["III 41019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["III 41019"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia to the Institute for Medical Research","award":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200015"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia to the Institute for Medical Research","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200015"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia to the Institute for Medical Research","award":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200050"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia to the Institute for Medical Research","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200050"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia to the Institute for Medical Research","award":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200143"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia to the Institute for Medical Research","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200143"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology","award":["III 41019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["III 41019"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology","award":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200015"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200015"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology","award":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200050"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200050"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology","award":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200143"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200143"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade","award":["III 41019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["III 41019"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade","award":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200015"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200015"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade","award":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200050"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200050"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade","award":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200143"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200143"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As pork is an important source for Toxoplasma gondii infection, we have analyzed T. gondii genotypes and toxoplasmosis prevalence in pigs in Serbia in the context of production statistics and economics to assess the specific risk to public health. Genotyping was performed using MnPCR-RFLP; T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies were detected using a modified agglutination test (MAT); and statistical data were extracted from official records and provided by government authorities. The results indicate that, from 2006 to 2021, the median number of annually slaughtered pigs was 5.6 million, yet only 36.1% were processed by abattoirs. The remainder were \u201cbackyard pigs\u201d slaughtered on family farms and homesteads. Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in market-weight (MW) pigs prior to 2006 was 15.2%, and was 15.1% in 2019. The seroprevalence in owned city cats, likely infected by livestock meat, was 33.2%. ToxoDB#1 was identified in pig tissues. The results indicate that backyard pigs are the backbone of the industry and provide as much as 60% of the pork in Serbia. The seroprevalence in pigs and city cats shows that farms are reservoirs for the parasite. Thus, innovative means of reducing T. gondii infection designed with backyard farmers in mind are needed to reduce the risk to public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11071857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T01:08:11Z","timestamp":1690160891000},"page":"1857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Pork Industry in the Backyard: An Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Serbia\u2019s Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1424-0123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Uzelac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Beti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6097-3216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nedjeljko","family":"Karabasil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3514-5328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"\u0106irkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7521-8598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olgica","family":"Djurkovi\u0107-Djakovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7976-3104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Klun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0326","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection in animal-friendly pig production systems","volume":"45","author":"Kijlstra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Investig. 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