{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:17:00Z","timestamp":1763749020952,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1F1A1076134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1F1A1076134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pathogenic E. coli causes intra- and extraintestinal diseases in humans and pigs and third-generation cephalosporins are the primary option for the treatment of these diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics and correlation between CTX-M-producing E. coli from humans and pigs regarding CTX-M-producing E. coli using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic tools. Among the 24 CTX-M\u2013producing E. coli, three types of CTX-M genes (CTX-M-12, CTX-M-14, and CTX-M-15) were detected in humans and four types of CTX-M genes (CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, and CTX-M-101) were detected in pigs. A total of 24 CTX-M\u2013producing E. coli isolates also showed the following antimicrobial resistance genes: other B-Lactam resistance gene (75.0%); aminoglycoside resistance genes (75.0%); phenicol resistance genes (70.8%); tetracycline resistance genes (70.8%); sulfonamide resistance genes (66.7%); quinolone resistance genes (62.5%); trimethoprim resistance genes (54.2%); and fosfomycin resistance genes (8.3%). FII (92.3%) and FIB (90.9%) were the most common plasmid replicon in humans and pigs, respectively. A total of thirty-eight different genes associated with virulence 24 CTX-M\u2013producing E. coli and all isolates contained at least more than one virulence gene. A total of 24 CTX-M\u2013producing E. coli isolates showed 15 diverse sequence types (STs): thirteen isolates from human belonged to 6 different STs, and 11 isolates from pig belonged to 9 different STs. The presence of virulence genes in E. coli together with antimicrobial resistance genes (including CTX-M genes) emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive surveillance and persistent monitoring of the food chain to avoid all types of bacterial contamination, regardless of human or pig origin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11081922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T07:35:24Z","timestamp":1690529724000},"page":"1922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparative Genetic Characterization of CTX-M-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Humans and Pigs with Diarrhea in Korea Using Next-Generation Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kwang-Won","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Hyo","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wan-Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"GutBiomeTech, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowak, K., Fahr, J., Weber, N., L\u00fcbke-Becker, A., Semmler, T., Weiss, S., Mombouli, J.V., Wieler, L.H., Guenther, S., and Leendertz, F.H. 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