{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T18:19:59Z","timestamp":1785867599703,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research foundation of Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University","award":["2021QD026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021QD026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with brain injuries are at a heightened susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia, and the timely initiation of empiric antibiotic treatment has been shown to substantially reduce mortality rates. Nevertheless, there is a need for knowledge regarding the resistance and prevalence of pulmonary bacterial infections in this patient population. To address this gap, a retrospective study was conducted at a neurosurgical emergency center, focusing on patients with brain injuries. Among the entire patient population, a total of 739 individuals (18.23%) were identified as having bacterial pneumonia, consisting of 1489 strains of Gram-negative bacteria and 205 strains of Gram-positive bacteria. The resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to imipenem exhibited a significant increase, rising from 21.74% in 2009 to 96.67% in 2018, and subsequently reaching 48.47% in 2021. Acinetobacter baumannii displayed resistance rates exceeding 80.0% against multiple antibiotics. The resistance profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was relatively low. The proportion of Staphylococcus aureus reached its peak at 18.70% in 2016, but experienced a decline to 7.83% in 2021. The abundance of Gram-negative bacteria exceeded that of Gram-positive bacteria by a factor of 5.96. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus are prominent pathogens characterized by limited antibiotic choices and scarce treatment alternatives for the isolated strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11081992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T10:57:33Z","timestamp":1690973853000},"page":"1992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Bacterial Pneumonia in Neurosurgical Emergency Center Patients: A Retrospective Study Spanning 13 Years at a Tertiary Center"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Weijian","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7892-9598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haijun","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caihua","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangru","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qifang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e25616","article-title":"Pneumonia in Nervous System Injuries: An Analytic Review of Literature and 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