{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:36:11Z","timestamp":1791048971620,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes among colistin and multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli strains isolated from patients in a tertiary hospital in Toluca, Mexico. The presence of mcr genes among the 241 strains collected was assessed by PCR. In the case of mcr-carrying E. coli, further PCR tests were performed to determine the presence of blaCTX-M and whether the strains belonged to the O25b-ST131 clone. Conjugation experiments were also carried out to assess the horizontal transmission of colistin resistance. A total of twelve strains (5.0%), of which four were E. coli; four were P. aeruginosa; three were K. pneumoniae, and one E. cloacae, were found to be resistant to colistin. Of these strains, two E. coli isolates were found to carry mcr-1, and Southern blot hybridization demonstrated its presence on an approximately 60 kb plasmid. Both mcr-1-carrying E. coli strains were found to co-express blaCTX-M, belong to the O25b-ST131 clone, and horizontally transmit their colistin resistance. The results of this study confirm the presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in hospitalized patients in Mexico and demonstrated that the multi-drug-resistant O25b-ST131 E. coli clone can acquire mcr genes and transmit such resistance traits to other bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11081996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T11:13:06Z","timestamp":1691061186000},"page":"1996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Detection of Plasmid-Mediated Resistance against Colistin in Multi-Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from a Tertiary Hospital"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mario","family":"Galindo-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorios Galindo SC, Av Ju\u00e1rez 501-A, Col Centro, Oaxaca 68000, Oax, Mexico"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad An\u00e1huac Oaxaca, Blvd. Guadalupe Hinojosa de Murat 1100, San Raymundo Jalpam 71248, Oax, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4654-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humberto","family":"Navarrete-Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad An\u00e1huac Oaxaca, Blvd. Guadalupe Hinojosa de Murat 1100, San Raymundo Jalpam 71248, Oax, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2487-7781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reinaldo","family":"Pacheco-V\u00e1squez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro M\u00e9dico ISSEMYM Toluca, Av. Baja Velocidad KM. 57.5, Carr. Mex.\/Tol. Col. San Jeronimo Chicahualco, Metepec 52170, Edomex, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devanh\u00ed","family":"Quintas-de la Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad An\u00e1huac Oaxaca, Blvd. Guadalupe Hinojosa de Murat 1100, San Raymundo Jalpam 71248, Oax, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7502-6304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Baltazar-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad An\u00e1huac Oaxaca, Blvd. Guadalupe Hinojosa de Murat 1100, San Raymundo Jalpam 71248, Oax, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9511-2889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 David","family":"Santiago-Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad An\u00e1huac Oaxaca, Blvd. Guadalupe Hinojosa de Murat 1100, San Raymundo Jalpam 71248, Oax, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Guadarrama-Monroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro M\u00e9dico ISSEMYM Toluca, Av. Baja Velocidad KM. 57.5, Carr. Mex.\/Tol. Col. San Jeronimo Chicahualco, Metepec 52170, Edomex, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.02.030","article-title":"Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria cases at admission in a multispeciality hospital","volume":"22","author":"Nagvekar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00643","article-title":"Mechanisms of polymyxin resistance: Acquired and intrinsic resistance in bacteria","volume":"5","author":"Olaitan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrade, F.F., Silva, D., Rodrigues, A., and Pina-Vaz, C. (2020). 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