{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:23:28Z","timestamp":1789457008123,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Royal Physiographic Society in Lund","award":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"]}]},{"name":"Foundations \u00c5ke Wiberg","award":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"]}]},{"name":"Alfred \u00d6sterlund","award":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"]}]},{"name":"Gyllenstierna-Krapperup","award":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"]}]},{"name":"Crafoord","award":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"]}]},{"name":"Magnus Bergvall","award":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"]}]},{"name":"Tornspiran","award":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"]}]},{"name":"Clas Groschinsky","award":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"]}]},{"name":"L\u00e4ngmanska Kulturfonden","award":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Society of Medicine","award":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"]}]},{"name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","award":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CE29- 0002-01 CAP-SFC-MS"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutibacterium acnes is one of the most abundant bacteria on the skin. Being exposed to oxygen and oxic stress, the secretion of the bacterial antioxidant protein RoxP ensures an endogenous antioxidant system for the preservation of skin health. To investigate the impact of the antioxidant RoxP on oxidation of the bacteria, wildtype and an isogenic roxp mutant were cultured in anaerobic and oxic conditions. The carbonylated status of proteins were recorded, as were the most significant modifications in a relative intensity of free fatty acids (FFA) and lipids containing fatty acids (FA), such as di- (DG) and triglycerides (TG), di- (DGDG) and sulfoquinozyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and ceramides. Concerning the fatty acid types, it was observed that the free fatty acids contained mainly C12:0\u2013C26:0 in hydroxy and acylated forms, the DG contained mainly C29:0\u2013C37:0, the TG contained mainly C19:0\u2013C33:0, and the DGDG\/SQDGs contained very long fatty acids (C29:0\u2013C37:0) demonstrating the interdependence of de novo synthesis of lipids and RoxP. The area of DGDG peaks (924.52, 929.56 and 930.58) were affected by bacterial growth conditions, with the exception of m\/z 910.61. Moreover, the FFA unsaturation is wider in the SQDG species (C30:0 to C36:6) than in DG, TG or free FFA species. It could be concluded that both environmental oxidative statuses, as well as the prevalence of bacterial antioxidant systems, significantly shape the lipidome of C. acnes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11092260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T09:05:17Z","timestamp":1694423117000},"page":"2260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Oxygen Exposure and Tolerance Shapes the Cell Wall-Associated Lipids of the Skin Commensal Cutibacterium acnes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0817-4086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iuliana","family":"Popa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytic and Biological Lipid Systems (Lip(Sys)2), Pharmacy Department, University Paris-Saclay, B\u00e2timent Henri Moissan, 91400 Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2751-774X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Touboul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, University Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"},{"name":"CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Mol\u00e9culaire (LCM), Institut Polytechnique de Paris, University Paris-Saclay, Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilde","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1465-8466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Fuentes-Lemus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8106-7287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyrille","family":"Santerre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur International de la Parfumerie, de la Cosm\u00e9tique et de l\u2019Ar\u00f4me Alimentaire (ISIPCA), 34-36 rue du Parc de Clagny, 78000 Versailles, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5196-6919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Lood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2021.100063","article-title":"The Role of Biofilm Formation in the Pathogenesis and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Cutibacterium Acnes","volume":"4","author":"Coenye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biofilm"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02747.x","article-title":"Biofilm Formation by Propionibacterium Acnes Is a Characteristic of Invasive Isolates","volume":"15","author":"Holmberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayslich, C., Grange, P.A., and Dupin, N. (2021). Cutibacterium Acnes as an Opportunistic Pathogen: An Update of Its Virulence-Associated Factors. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9020303"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2017.04.006","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) Acnes Clones from Acne Patients and Healthy Controls","volume":"47","author":"Lomholt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36412","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36412","article-title":"A Novel Enzyme with Antioxidant Capacity Produced by the Ubiquitous Skin Colonizer Propionibacterium Acnes","volume":"6","author":"Allhorn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3596","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40471-3","article-title":"Common Skin Bacteria Protect Their Host from Oxidative Stress through Secreted Antioxidant RoxP","volume":"9","author":"Andersson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-9-141","article-title":"Clinical Implications of Lipid Peroxidation in Acne Vulgaris: Old Wine in New Bottles","volume":"9","author":"Bowe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12431","article-title":"Modulation of Sebum Oxidation and Interleukin-1\u03b1 Levels Associates with Clinical Improvement of Mild Comedonal Acne","volume":"28","author":"Capitanio","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.01.007","article-title":"Quantification of Protein Modification by Oxidants","volume":"46","author":"Hawkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A Simple Method for the Isolation and Purification of Total Lipides from Animal Tissues","volume":"226","author":"Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)33465-9","article-title":"A Procedure for Fractionation of Sphingolipid Classes by Solid-Phase Extraction on Aminopropyl Cartridges","volume":"41","author":"Bodennec","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2011.04313.x","article-title":"The Lipid Alterations in the Stratum Corneum of Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis Are Alleviated by Topical Application of a Sphingolipid-Containing Emulsion","volume":"37","author":"Popa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.4445","article-title":"Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for lipidomics","volume":"54","author":"Chollet","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mass. Spectrom."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2023.105326","article-title":"Membrane lipid composition of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum CNCM I-3298, a highly cryoresistant lactic bacterium","volume":"255","author":"Ta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15241","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA13769A","article-title":"Comparative Lipidomic Profiling of the Human Commensal Bacterium Propionibacterium Acnes and Its Extracellular Vesicles","volume":"8","author":"Jeon","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5048","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41556-9","article-title":"Targeting Modified Lipids during Routine Lipidomics Analysis Using HILIC and C30 Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry","volume":"9","author":"Pham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-018-1644-6","article-title":"Lipidomic Signature of the Green Macroalgae Ulva Rigida Farmed in a Sustainable Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture","volume":"31","author":"Lopes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.06.015","article-title":"Microbial antioxidant defense enzymes","volume":"110","author":"Staerck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5701","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-021-11360-5","article-title":"Relevance of peroxiredoxins in pathogenic microorganisms","volume":"105","author":"Tairum","year":"2021","journal-title":"App Microb. Biotech."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Barry, H., and Gutteridge, J.M.C. (2015). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Oxford University Press. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77790-9","article-title":"Short Chain Fatty Acids Produced by Cutibacterium Acnes Inhibit Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus Epidermidis","volume":"10","author":"Nakamura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240580208","article-title":"Ceramide: A Stress Signal and Mediator of Growth Suppression and Apoptosis","volume":"58","author":"Obeid","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/11\/9\/2260\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:47:47Z","timestamp":1760129267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/11\/9\/2260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms11092260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11092260","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]}}}