{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:19:50Z","timestamp":1787800790130,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union","award":["ECS00000017\u2014CUP B83C22003920001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000017\u2014CUP B83C22003920001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a procedure that involves transferring fecal bacteria from a healthy donor to a patients\u2019 intestines to restore gut\u2013immunity homeostasis. While FMT was primarily supposed to treat gastrointestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome\u2014and especially Clostridium difficile infection (currently the only used as clinical treatment)\u2014recent research has suggested that it may also become a potential treatment for gynecological disorders, including endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). On the contrary, vaginal microbiota transplantation (VMT) is a newer and less commonly used procedure than the FMT approach, and its potential applications are still being explored. It involves direct grafting of the entire vaginal microbiota of healthy women into the vaginal tract of patients to easily rebuild the local microbiota environment, restoring vaginal eubiosis and relieving symptoms. Like FMT, VMT is thought to have potential in treating different microbiota-related conditions. In fact, many gynecological disorders, such as bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis, are thought to be caused by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota. In this review, we will summarize the development, current challenges, and future perspectives of microbiota transplant, with the aim of exploring new strategies for its employment as a promising avenue for treating a broad range of gynecological diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11102407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T03:04:18Z","timestamp":1695783858000},"page":"2407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Microbiota Transplant and Gynecological Disorders: The Bridge between Present and Future Treatments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4992-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Nannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6936-8693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Cianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2438-2563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Staderini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Coratti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6797-9343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amedeo","family":"Amedei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058709","article-title":"Commensal host-bacterial relationships in the gut","volume":"292","author":"Hooper","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1152","article-title":"Gut microorganisms, mammalian metabolism and personalized health care","volume":"3","author":"Nicholson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. 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