{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:08:07Z","timestamp":1779296887607,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Aspergillus flavus is a cosmopolitan mold with medical, veterinary, and agronomic concerns. Its morphological similarity to other cryptic species of the Flavi section requires molecular identification techniques that are not routinely performed. For clinical isolates of Aspergillus section Flavi, we present the molecular identification, susceptibility to six antifungal agents, and clinical context of source patients. (2) Methods: One hundred forty fungal clinical isolates were included in the study. These isolates, recovered over a 15-year period (2001\u20132015), were identified based on their morphological characteristics as belonging to section Flavi. After the subculture, sequencing of a part of the \u03b2-tubulin and calmodulin genes was performed, and resistance to azole antifungals was screened on agar plates containing itraconazole and voriconazole. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for 120 isolates by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) broth microdilution method. (3) Results: Partial \u03b2-tubulin and calmodulin sequences analysis showed that 138\/140 isolates were A. flavus sensu stricto, 1 isolate was A. parasiticus\/sojae, and 1 was A.\u00a0nomiae. Many of the isolates came from samples collected in the context of respiratory tract colonization. Among probable or proven aspergillosis, respiratory infections were the most frequent, followed by ENT infections. Antifungal susceptibility testing was available for isolates (n = 120, all A. flavus ss) from one hospital. The MIC range (geometric mean MIC) in mg\/L was 0.5\u20138 (0.77), 0.5\u20138 (1.03), 0.125\u20132 (0.25), 0.03\u20132 (0.22), 0.25\u20138 (1.91), and 0.03\u20130.125 (0.061) for voriconazole, isavuconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin, respectively. Two (1.67%) isolates showed resistance to isavuconazole according to current EUCAST breakpoints with MICs at 8 mg\/L for isavuconazole and voriconazole. One of these two isolates was also resistant to itraconazole with MIC at 2 mg\/L. (4) Conclusions: The present characterization of a large collection of Aspergillus belonging to the Flavi section confirmed that A. flavus\u00a0ss is the predominant species. It is mainly implicated in respiratory and ENT infections. The emergence of resistance highlights the need to perform susceptibility tests on section Flavi isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11102429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T05:55:54Z","timestamp":1695880554000},"page":"2429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Molecular Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates of Aspergillus Section Flavi from Three French Hospitals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Elie","family":"Djenontin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynamyc UPEC, EnvA, USC Anses, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Cr\u00e9teil, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, H\u00f4pital Universitaire Mondor, AP-HP, 8 Rue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Sarrail, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire CERBA, 11 Rue de l\u2019\u00c9querre, 95310 Saint-Ouen-l\u2019Aum\u00f4ne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bita","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynamyc UPEC, EnvA, USC Anses, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Cr\u00e9teil, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin Do Ngoc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Hospital, 73 Nguyen Huu Tho, Hai Chau, Danang 55000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Guillot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 p\u00e9dagogique de Dermatologie, Parasitologie, Mycologie, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Agroalimentaire et de l\u2019Alimentation Nantes Atlantique, Oniris, 44300 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7489-9205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence","family":"Delhaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CNR des Aspergilloses Chroniques\u2014CHU de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045\u2014Univ. Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3028-2665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Botterel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynamyc UPEC, EnvA, USC Anses, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Cr\u00e9teil, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, H\u00f4pital Universitaire Mondor, AP-HP, 8 Rue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Sarrail, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2817-3830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Dannaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynamyc UPEC, EnvA, USC Anses, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Cr\u00e9teil, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Parasitologie-Mycologie, H\u00f4pital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, 149 Rue de S\u00e8vres, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/007641-0","article-title":"Aspergillus flavus: Human Pathogen, Allergen and Mycotoxin Producer","volume":"153","author":"Hedayati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudramurthy, S.M., Paul, R.A., Chakrabarti, A., Mouton, J.W., and Meis, J.F. 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