{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T18:12:46Z","timestamp":1768587166073,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study focused on the assessment of the antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from bovine mastitis milk samples and the revealing anti-mastitis potential of phytocompounds of Ziziphus jujube and Acacia nilotica through molecular docking analysis. The mastitis milk samples were collected from various dairy farms for the isolation of the bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli) and their response to antibiotics. Ethanolic extracts of both plants were prepared. Their antibacterial activity was evaluated, and they were processed for phytochemical analysis after which, molecular docking analysis with pathogenic proteins of the bacteria was carried out. Parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses were performed to reach the conclusions of this study. The findings of the study revealed a higher drug resistance (\u226540%) of E. coli against ampicillin, amikacin, and vancomycin, while S. aureus exhibited the highest resistance to ampicillin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin. The ethanolic extracts of the Ziziphus jujube and Acacia nilotica plants produced a ZOI between 18 and 23 mm against multidrug-resistant S. aureus and E. coli. Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrophotometry (GC\u2013MS) was used to explore 15 phytocompounds from Ziziphus jujube and 18 phytocompounds from Acacia nilotica. The molecular docking analysis of 2cyclopenten\u22121-one,3,4,4 trimethyl and Bis (2ethylhexyl) phthalate of Ziziphus jujube showed a binding affinity of \u22124.8 kcal\/mol and \u22125.3 kcal\/mol and \u22125.9 kcal\/mol and \u22127.1 kcal\/mol against the DNA Gyrase and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 proteins of S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. The suberic acid monomethyl ester of Acacia nilotica showed a binding affinity of \u22125.9 kcal\/mol and \u22125 kcal\/mol against the outer membrane protein A and Topoisomerase IV protein of E. coli and \u22125.1 kcal\/mol and \u22125.8 kcal\/mol against the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 and Enterotoxin B proteins of S. aureus. Similarly, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol di-iso-butyrate showed a binding affinity of \u22126.5 kcal\/mol and \u22125.3 kcal\/mol against the outer membrane protein A and Topoisomerase IV of E. coli and \u22125.2 kcal\/mol and \u22125.9 kcal\/mol against the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 and Enterotoxin B proteins of S. aureus, respectively. The study concluded that there was an increasing trend for the antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus and E. coli, while the Ziziphus jujube and Acacia nilotica plant extracts expressed significant affinity to tackle this resistance; hence, this calls for the development of novel evidence-based therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11102450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T05:48:13Z","timestamp":1695966493000},"page":"2450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Validating Interactions of Pathogenic Proteins of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli with Phytochemicals of Ziziphus jujube and Acacia nilotica"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iram","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bushra","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huma","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3187-2509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Awais","family":"Altaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7618-3948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amjad Islam","family":"Aqib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassaan Bin","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0337-6412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhlid H.","family":"Almutairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.21608\/mvmj.2019.22.108","article-title":"Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis in some Dairy Cattle Farms in Kuwait","volume":"20","author":"AbdelKhalek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mansoura Veter. Med. 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