{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T15:42:29Z","timestamp":1782920549822,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Greub\u2019s own funds","award":["IMUR 31932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMUR 31932"]}]},{"name":"Greub\u2019s own funds","award":["IMUR 32954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMUR 32954"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Tick-Borne Infections","award":["IMUR 31932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMUR 31932"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Tick-Borne Infections","award":["IMUR 32954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMUR 32954"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ticks are vectors of numerous agents of medical importance and may be infected by various Chlamydia-related bacteria, such as members of Parachlamydiaceae and Rhabdochlamydiaceae families, which are sharing the same biphasic life cycle with the pathogenic Chlamydia. However, the veterinary importance of ticks and of their internalized pathogens remains poorly studied. Thus, we wondered (i) whether the prevalence of ticks was higher in zoological gardens than in control areas with similar altitude, vegetation, humidity and temperature, and (ii) whether the presence of Chlamydia-related bacteria in ticks may vary according to the environment in which the ticks are collected. A total of 212 Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected, and all were tested for the presence of DNA from any member of the Chlamydiae phylum using a pan-Chlamydiae quantitative PCR (qPCR). We observed a higher prevalence of ticks outside animal enclosures in both zoos, compared to in enclosures. Tick prevalence was also higher outside zoos, compared to in enclosures. With 30% (3\/10) of infected ticks, the zoological gardens presented a prevalence of infected ticks that was higher than that in contiguous areas (13.15%, 10\/76), and higher than the control distant areas (8.65%, 9\/104). In conclusion, zoological gardens in Switzerland appear to contain fewer ticks than areas outside zoological gardens. However, ticks from zoos more often contain Chlamydia-like organisms than ticks from contiguous or distant control areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11102468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T16:58:09Z","timestamp":1696179489000},"page":"2468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ticks and Chlamydia-Related Bacteria in Swiss Zoological Gardens Compared to in Contiguous and Distant Control Areas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Vincent","family":"Vanat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center (CHUV), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9726-7438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Aeby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center (CHUV), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9529-3317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilbert","family":"Greub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center (CHUV), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Center (CHUV), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Ecology and ethology of Ixodes ricinus Linn\u00e9 1758, in Switzerland (Acarina, Ixodoidea). 1st report: Numerical fluctuations","volume":"15","author":"Mermod","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acarologia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006179318393","article-title":"Geostatistics as predictive tools to estimate Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) habitat suitability in the Western Palearctic from AVHRR satellite imagery","volume":"23","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. 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