{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T10:24:20Z","timestamp":1778495060302,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007134","name":"Secretariat of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection (SDA)\/Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAPA) and the Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation (Embrapa)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20.21.10.006.00.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20.21.10.006.00.00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007134","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007134","name":"Secretariat of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection (SDA)\/Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAPA) and the Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation (Embrapa)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["315857\/2021-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315857\/2021-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007134","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007134","name":"Secretariat of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection (SDA)\/Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAPA) and the Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation (Embrapa)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["403651\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403651\/2020-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007134","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007134","name":"Secretariat of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection (SDA)\/Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAPA) and the Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation (Embrapa)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["403651\/2020-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403651\/2020-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007134","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20.21.10.006.00.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20.21.10.006.00.00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["315857\/2021-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315857\/2021-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["403651\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403651\/2020-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["403651\/2020-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403651\/2020-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Burkholderia mallei is an aerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile bacillus. As an obligate mammalian pathogen, it primarily affects solipeds. Although rarely transmitted to humans, the disease it causes, glanders, is classified as a zoonosis. The bacterium was officially eradicated in Brazil in 1969; however, it reemerged after three decades. This study aims to assess the virulence of a specific B. mallei strain, isolated in Brazil, in BALB\/c mice through intranasal infection. The strain, B. mallei BAC 86\/19, was obtained from the tracheal secretion of a young mare displaying positive serology but no clinical signs of glanders. Post-mortem examinations revealed macroscopic lesions consistent with the disease, however. In mice, the LD50 was determined to be approximately 1.59 \u00d7 105 colony-forming units (CFU)\/animal. Mice exposed to either 0.1 \u00d7 LD50 or 1 \u00d7 LD50 displayed transient weight loss, which resolved after three or five days, respectively. B. mallei persisted within the liver and lung for five days post-infection and in the spleen for seven days. These findings underscore the detectable virulence of the Brazilian B. mallei BAC 86\/19 strain in mice, which are relatively resilient hosts. This research points to the importance of the continued investigation of the virulence mechanisms and potential countermeasures associated with B. mallei infections, including their Brazilian isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11102597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T07:22:32Z","timestamp":1697786552000},"page":"2597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessment of the Virulence of the Burkholderia mallei Strain BAC 86\/19 in BALB\/c Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7810-5214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuelle Baldo","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa South Livestock, BR-153, Km 632, 9 Vila Industrial, Rural Area, Mailbox 242, Bag\u00e9 96401-970, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lenita Ramires dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Beef Cattle, R\u00e1dio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1690-4341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9a Alves do","family":"Egito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Beef Cattle, R\u00e1dio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Goretti dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Beef Cattle, R\u00e1dio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Mantovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Beef Cattle\/Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply Scholarship, Embrapa Beef Cattle, R\u00e1dio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana da Silva Gomes","family":"Rieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Beef Cattle\/Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply Scholarship, Embrapa Beef Cattle, R\u00e1dio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Augusto de Sousa","family":"Abrantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Beef Cattle\/Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply Scholarship, Embrapa Beef Cattle, R\u00e1dio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula Adas Pereira","family":"Suniga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MAI\/DAI Scholarship, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Costa e Silva Ave., Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science-FAMEZ\/UFMS, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Senador Filinto Muller Ave., 2443, Campo Grande 79074-460, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00falia de Mendon\u00e7a","family":"Favacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PIBIC\/CNPq Scholarship, Embrapa Beef Cattle, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingrid Batista","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Beef Cattle\/Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply Scholarship, Embrapa Beef Cattle, R\u00e1dio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra Figueiredo de Castro","family":"Nassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Development in Animal Health, Biological Institute, Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves Ave., 1252, S\u00e3o Paulo 04014-002, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando Leandro dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFPE Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1bio Ribeiro de","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Beef Cattle, R\u00e1dio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2007.00949.x","article-title":"Glanders: Off to the races with Burkholderia mallei","volume":"277","author":"Whitlock","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-8-131","article-title":"Glanders: An overview of infection in humans","volume":"8","author":"Greer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biological and chemical terrorism; strategic plan for preparedness and response: Recommendations of the CDC Strategic Planning Workgroup","volume":"49","author":"Khan","year":"2000","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Georgiev, V.S. (2009). National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Humana Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-297-1_9"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2012.01342.x","article-title":"Glanders in animals: A review on epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and countermeasures","volume":"60","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2005.00855.x","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of Burkholderia mallei infections in horses: State-of-the-art and perspectives","volume":"52","author":"Neubauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. B Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Sellon, D.C., and Long, M.T. (2013). Equine Infectious Diseases, Sauders Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.4.570","article-title":"Glanders","volume":"233","author":"Dvorak","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2000000400005","article-title":"Glanders in horses and mules of the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, Brazil","volume":"20","author":"Mota","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pesqui. Vet. Bras."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-022-00814-1","article-title":"Current status of glanders in Brazil: Recent advances and challenges","volume":"53","author":"Mota","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Judy, B.M., Whitlock, G.C., Torres, A.G., and Estes, D.M. (2009). Comparison of the in vitro and in vivo susceptibilities of Burkholderia mallei to Ceftazidime and Levofloxacin. BMC Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-88"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mott, T.M., Vijayakumar, S., Sbrana, E., Endsley, J.J., and Torres, A.G. (2015). Characterization of the Burkholderia mallei tonB mutant and its potential as a backbone strain for vaccine development. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003863"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.2000.0430","article-title":"Identification of a Burkholderia mallei polysaccharide gene cluster by subtractive hybridization and demonstration that the encoded capsule is an essential virulence determinant","volume":"30","author":"DeShazer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2009.00574.x","article-title":"Comparative in vivo and in vitro analyses of putative virulence factors of Burkholderia pseudomallei using lipopolysaccharide, capsule and flagellin mutants","volume":"56","author":"Wikraiphat","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05734.x","article-title":"Type VI secretion is a major virulence determinant in Burkholderia mallei","volume":"64","author":"Schell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M113.029041","article-title":"Novel Burkholderia mallei virulence factors linked to specific host-pathogen protein interactions","volume":"12","author":"Zavaljevski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brangsch, H., Saqib, M., Sial, A.U.R., Melzer, F., Linde, J., and Elschner, M.C. (2022). Sequencing-Based Genotyping of Pakistani Burkholderia mallei Strains: A Useful Way for Investigating Glanders Outbreaks. Pathogens, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11060614"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Appelt, S., Rohleder, A.M., Jacob, D., von Buttlar, H., Georgi, E., Mueller, K., Wernery, U., and Kinne, J. (2022). Genetic diversity and spatial distribution of Burkholderia mallei by core genome-based multilocus sequence typing analysis. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270499"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Koneman, E.W. (2008). Diagn\u00f3stico Microbiol\u00f3gico: Texto e Atlas Colorido, Guanabara Koogan. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Quinn, P., Markey, B.K., Carter, M.E., Donnelly, W., and Leonard, F.C. (2005). Microbiologia Veterin\u00e1ria e Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas, Artmed Editora."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-010-0003-3","article-title":"Evaluation of PCR, DNA hybridization and immunomagnetic separation\u2014PCR for detection of Burkholderia mallei in artificially inoculated environmental samples","volume":"50","author":"Merwyn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100147","article-title":"Systematic monitoring of glanders-infected horses by complement fixation test, bacterial isolation, and PCR","volume":"10","author":"Abreu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lafontaine, E.R., Zimmerman, S.M., Shaffer, T.L., Michel, F., Gao, X., and Hogan, R.J. (2013). Use of a safe, reproducible, and rapid aerosol delivery method to study infection by Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei in mice. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076804"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"307","article-title":"Comparing phlebotomy by tail tip amputation, facial vein puncture, and tail vein incision in C57BL\/6 mice by using physiologic and behavioral metrics of pain and distress","volume":"56","author":"Moore","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(03)00194-5","article-title":"A 6 \u00d7 6 drop plate method for simultaneous colony counting and MPN enumeration of Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-019-00113-2","article-title":"First record of Burkholderia mallei Turkey 10 strain originating from glanderous horses from Brazil","volume":"50","author":"Silveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12599","article-title":"Glanders and the risk for its introduction through the international movement of horses","volume":"48","author":"Kettle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-023-00965-9","article-title":"Molecular detection of Burkholderia mallei in different geographic regions of Brazil","volume":"54","author":"Suniga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.37-6-626","article-title":"Mouse model of sublethal and lethal intraperitoneal glanders (Burkholderia mallei)","volume":"37","author":"Fritz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnes, K.B., Bayliss, M., Davies, C., Richards, M.I., Laws, T.R., Vente, A., and Harding, S.V. (2022). Efficacy of finafloxacin in a murine model of inhalational glanders. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1057202"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1407.071501","article-title":"Management of accidental laboratory exposure to Burkholderia pseudomallei and B. mallei","volume":"14","author":"Peacock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schully, K.L., Bell, M.G., Ward, J.M., and Keane-Myers, A.M. (2014). Oropharyngeal aspiration of Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei in BALB\/c mice. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115066"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-00229-9","article-title":"Multicomponent gold nano-glycoconjugate as a highly immunogenic and protective platform against Burkholderia mallei","volume":"5","author":"Tapia","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khakhum, N., Bharaj, P., Myers, J.N., Tapia, D., Walker, D.H., Endsley, J.J., and Torres, A.G. (2019). Evaluation of Burkholderia mallei \u0394 tonB \u0394 hcp1 (CLH001) as a live attenuated vaccine in murine models of glanders and melioidosis. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007578"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00328-16","article-title":"Burkholderia mallei CLH001 attenuated vaccine strain is immunogenic and protects against acute respiratory glanders","volume":"84","author":"Hatcher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmerman, S.M., Michel, F., Hogan, R.J., and Lafontaine, E.R. (2015). The autotransporter BpaB contributes to the virulence of Burkholderia mallei in an aerosol model of infection. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126437"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00048-13","article-title":"Virulence of Burkholderia mallei quorum-sensing mutants","volume":"81","author":"Majerczyk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozue, J.A., Chaudhury, S., Amemiya, K., Chua, J., Cote, C.K., Toothman, R.G., Dankmeyer, J.L., Klimko, C.P., Wilhelmsen, C.L., and Raymond, J.W. (2016). Phenotypic characterization of a novel virulence-factor deletion strain of Burkholderia mallei that provides partial protection against inhalational glanders in mice. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2016.00021"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2020.1804275","article-title":"The Peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein Pal contributes to the virulence of Burkholderia mallei and provides protection against lethal aerosol challenge","volume":"11","author":"Dyke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Massey, S., Johnston, K., Mott, T.M., Judy, B.M., Kvitko, B.H., Schweizer, H.P., Estes, D.M., and Torres, A.G. (2011). In vivo bioluminescence imaging of Burkholderia mallei respiratory infection and treatment in the mouse model. Front. Microbiol., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00174"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00533-10","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo studies of monoclonal antibodies with prominent bactericidal activity against Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.36-4-276","article-title":"The hamster model of intraperitoneal Burkholderia mallei (glanders)","volume":"36","author":"Fritz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klimko, C.P., Trevi\u00f1o, S.R., Moreau, A.M., Aponte Cuadrado, M.J., Meyer, J.R., Fetterer, D.P., Welkos, S.L., Worsham, P.L., Kreiselmeier, N., and Soffler, C. (2020). The impact of age and sex on mouse models of melioidosis. Pathogens, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9020113"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(08)70026-9","article-title":"Burkholderia pseudomallei: Animal models of infection","volume":"102","author":"Titball","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whitlock, G.C., Valbuena, G.A., Popov, V.L., Judy, B.M., Estes, D.M., and Torres, A.G. (2009). Burkholderia mallei cellular interactions in a respiratory cell model. J. Med. Microbiol., 58.","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.007724-0"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/11\/10\/2597\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:09:06Z","timestamp":1760130546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/11\/10\/2597"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms11102597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11102597","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]}}}