{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:57:07Z","timestamp":1792519027730,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis, the most common form of leishmaniasis, causes long-term skin lesions on exposed areas of the skin. It is caused by a protozoan parasite belonging to the genus Leishmania and is transmitted via infected phlebotomine sand flies. In North Africa, particularly Algeria, the disease represents a major public health problem. This retrospective study, which focuses on the agropastoral region of Djelfa (central Algeria) during a period of 16 years, from 2006 to 2021, is part of the surveillance of cutaneous leishmaniasis to identify the key factors favouring its probable spread. The analyzed data reveal that this disease is more prevalent in male patients (53.60%) and is highly widespread in this vast area of 66,415 km2 with a total of 3864 CL cases, reaching a peak of 1407 cases in 2006. Statistically, the Pearson correlation validated by the p-value shows, in an original and sometimes unexpected way, that certain factors, such as temperature linked to climate change, are playing a significant role in the probable spread of the disease in Djelfa and its surrounding regions. The concentration of the population in some specific rural areas with limited or nonexistent access to public health services is another potential factor in disease transmission. The results were highlighted by a significant correlation coefficient (r=0.66) with a p-value less than 0.01. While there is currently no vaccine or prophylactic drug available, our research represents a preliminary approach that addresses various epidemiological aspects of the disease. This paves the way for a proactive preventive strategy involving the control of vector-borne diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11102608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T07:02:53Z","timestamp":1697958173000},"page":"2608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in North Africa and Its Threats to Public Health: A Statistical Study Focused on Djelfa (Algeria)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fatma","family":"Messaoudene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exploration and Valorization of Steppe Ecosystems Laboratory, Faculty of Nature and Life Science, Ziane Achour University of Djelfa, Djelfa 17000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slimane","family":"Boukraa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Forestry Zoology, Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure Agronomique, El-Harrach 16004, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said Chaouki","family":"Boubidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Eco-Epid\u00e9miologie Parasitaire et G\u00e9n\u00e9tique des Populations, Institut Pasteur d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie, Dely-Brahim 16047, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6578-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahlem","family":"Guerzou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exploration and Valorization of Steppe Ecosystems Laboratory, Faculty of Nature and Life Science, Ziane Achour University of Djelfa, Djelfa 17000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6392-7693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdeldjalil","family":"Ouahabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, 37020 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvar, J., V\u00e9lez, I.D., Bern, C., Herrero, M., Desjeux, P., Cano, J., Jannin, J., and Boer, M. 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